1 00:00:05.279 --> 00:00:07.510 Thank you all. 2 00:00:07.520 --> 00:00:09.430 Thank you all. Good to be back here for my third. It's 3 00:00:09.430 --> 00:00:09.440 Good to be back here for my third. It's 4 00:00:09.440 --> 00:00:10.950 Good to be back here for my third. It's clear none of you went to my first two 5 00:00:10.950 --> 00:00:10.960 clear none of you went to my first two 6 00:00:10.960 --> 00:00:14.230 clear none of you went to my first two cuz they were disasters. 7 00:00:14.230 --> 00:00:14.240 cuz they were disasters. 8 00:00:14.240 --> 00:00:16.470 cuz they were disasters. Today I'm going to talk to you about uh 9 00:00:16.470 --> 00:00:16.480 Today I'm going to talk to you about uh 10 00:00:16.480 --> 00:00:19.189 Today I'm going to talk to you about uh how America recovers and you will 11 00:00:19.189 --> 00:00:19.199 how America recovers and you will 12 00:00:19.199 --> 00:00:23.509 how America recovers and you will understand why uh I am known as the 13 00:00:23.509 --> 00:00:23.519 understand why uh I am known as the 14 00:00:23.519 --> 00:00:25.189 understand why uh I am known as the irrational optimist at all my 15 00:00:25.189 --> 00:00:25.199 irrational optimist at all my 16 00:00:25.199 --> 00:00:28.150 irrational optimist at all my workplaces. 17 00:00:28.150 --> 00:00:28.160 workplaces. 18 00:00:28.160 --> 00:00:30.950 workplaces. The story I'm going to tell is based on 19 00:00:30.950 --> 00:00:30.960 The story I'm going to tell is based on 20 00:00:30.960 --> 00:00:32.790 The story I'm going to tell is based on my prediliction. 21 00:00:32.790 --> 00:00:32.800 my prediliction. 22 00:00:32.800 --> 00:00:34.389 my prediliction. Some people are technological 23 00:00:34.389 --> 00:00:34.399 Some people are technological 24 00:00:34.399 --> 00:00:35.830 Some people are technological determinists. They think technology 25 00:00:35.830 --> 00:00:35.840 determinists. They think technology 26 00:00:35.840 --> 00:00:38.869 determinists. They think technology shapes history. Some people are uh 27 00:00:38.869 --> 00:00:38.879 shapes history. Some people are uh 28 00:00:38.879 --> 00:00:40.229 shapes history. Some people are uh economic determinist. They think 29 00:00:40.229 --> 00:00:40.239 economic determinist. They think 30 00:00:40.239 --> 00:00:41.990 economic determinist. They think economics does. Some people are 31 00:00:41.990 --> 00:00:42.000 economics does. Some people are 32 00:00:42.000 --> 00:00:45.830 economics does. Some people are political. Uh I think minds shape 33 00:00:45.830 --> 00:00:45.840 political. Uh I think minds shape 34 00:00:45.840 --> 00:00:48.310 political. Uh I think minds shape history. That culture shapes history. 35 00:00:48.310 --> 00:00:48.320 history. That culture shapes history. 36 00:00:48.320 --> 00:00:50.950 history. That culture shapes history. It's how we think, how we react. And 37 00:00:50.950 --> 00:00:50.960 It's how we think, how we react. And 38 00:00:50.960 --> 00:00:53.910 It's how we think, how we react. And that culture is the main driver of 39 00:00:53.910 --> 00:00:53.920 that culture is the main driver of 40 00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:56.069 that culture is the main driver of politics, of history, and of just the 41 00:00:56.069 --> 00:00:56.079 politics, of history, and of just the 42 00:00:56.079 --> 00:00:57.830 politics, of history, and of just the way we see the world. There's a guy at 43 00:00:57.830 --> 00:00:57.840 way we see the world. There's a guy at 44 00:00:57.840 --> 00:00:58.950 way we see the world. There's a guy at the University of Michigan named Richard 45 00:00:58.950 --> 00:00:58.960 the University of Michigan named Richard 46 00:00:58.960 --> 00:01:01.029 the University of Michigan named Richard Nisbet who did these experiments where 47 00:01:01.029 --> 00:01:01.039 Nisbet who did these experiments where 48 00:01:01.039 --> 00:01:03.189 Nisbet who did these experiments where he asked people from America and people 49 00:01:03.189 --> 00:01:03.199 he asked people from America and people 50 00:01:03.199 --> 00:01:05.990 he asked people from America and people from Asia to describe a fish tank he put 51 00:01:05.990 --> 00:01:06.000 from Asia to describe a fish tank he put 52 00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:08.870 from Asia to describe a fish tank he put in front of them. And the Asian people 53 00:01:08.870 --> 00:01:08.880 in front of them. And the Asian people 54 00:01:08.880 --> 00:01:11.830 in front of them. And the Asian people tended, not all obviously, but tended to 55 00:01:11.830 --> 00:01:11.840 tended, not all obviously, but tended to 56 00:01:11.840 --> 00:01:13.429 tended, not all obviously, but tended to describe the vegetation of the fish 57 00:01:13.429 --> 00:01:13.439 describe the vegetation of the fish 58 00:01:13.439 --> 00:01:15.670 describe the vegetation of the fish tank, the nature of the water, the whole 59 00:01:15.670 --> 00:01:15.680 tank, the nature of the water, the whole 60 00:01:15.680 --> 00:01:17.350 tank, the nature of the water, the whole context. 61 00:01:17.350 --> 00:01:17.360 context. 62 00:01:17.360 --> 00:01:19.109 context. The Americans just described the biggest 63 00:01:19.109 --> 00:01:19.119 The Americans just described the biggest 64 00:01:19.119 --> 00:01:21.429 The Americans just described the biggest fish. 65 00:01:21.429 --> 00:01:21.439 fish. 66 00:01:21.439 --> 00:01:22.950 fish. He did a similar experiment. We looked 67 00:01:22.950 --> 00:01:22.960 He did a similar experiment. We looked 68 00:01:22.960 --> 00:01:24.390 He did a similar experiment. We looked at people looking at the Mona Lisa. 69 00:01:24.390 --> 00:01:24.400 at people looking at the Mona Lisa. 70 00:01:24.400 --> 00:01:26.390 at people looking at the Mona Lisa. People from Asian cultures, their eye 71 00:01:26.390 --> 00:01:26.400 People from Asian cultures, their eye 72 00:01:26.400 --> 00:01:28.710 People from Asian cultures, their eye cicades moved all over the painting. 73 00:01:28.710 --> 00:01:28.720 cicades moved all over the painting. 74 00:01:28.720 --> 00:01:30.710 cicades moved all over the painting. People from the US, their eyes just 75 00:01:30.710 --> 00:01:30.720 People from the US, their eyes just 76 00:01:30.720 --> 00:01:33.670 People from the US, their eyes just looked at the mouth and the nose. 77 00:01:33.670 --> 00:01:33.680 looked at the mouth and the nose. 78 00:01:33.680 --> 00:01:35.590 looked at the mouth and the nose. And so his explanation for this, his 79 00:01:35.590 --> 00:01:35.600 And so his explanation for this, his 80 00:01:35.600 --> 00:01:38.310 And so his explanation for this, his theory is that 2500 years ago, a bunch 81 00:01:38.310 --> 00:01:38.320 theory is that 2500 years ago, a bunch 82 00:01:38.320 --> 00:01:40.630 theory is that 2500 years ago, a bunch of Greek philosophers like Aristotle 83 00:01:40.630 --> 00:01:40.640 of Greek philosophers like Aristotle 84 00:01:40.640 --> 00:01:43.429 of Greek philosophers like Aristotle described a way of look of looking at 85 00:01:43.429 --> 00:01:43.439 described a way of look of looking at 86 00:01:43.439 --> 00:01:44.789 described a way of look of looking at the world that emphasized individual 87 00:01:44.789 --> 00:01:44.799 the world that emphasized individual 88 00:01:44.799 --> 00:01:46.389 the world that emphasized individual agency. 89 00:01:46.389 --> 00:01:46.399 agency. 90 00:01:46.399 --> 00:01:48.230 agency. At the same time, a bunch of Asian 91 00:01:48.230 --> 00:01:48.240 At the same time, a bunch of Asian 92 00:01:48.240 --> 00:01:50.630 At the same time, a bunch of Asian scholars, but people like Confucious 93 00:01:50.630 --> 00:01:50.640 scholars, but people like Confucious 94 00:01:50.640 --> 00:01:52.149 scholars, but people like Confucious developed a way of the world that 95 00:01:52.149 --> 00:01:52.159 developed a way of the world that 96 00:01:52.159 --> 00:01:54.230 developed a way of the world that emphasizes harmony, context, and inter 97 00:01:54.230 --> 00:01:54.240 emphasizes harmony, context, and inter 98 00:01:54.240 --> 00:01:55.749 emphasizes harmony, context, and inter relationship. 99 00:01:55.749 --> 00:01:55.759 relationship. 100 00:01:55.759 --> 00:01:57.429 relationship. And so these cultural differences show 101 00:01:57.429 --> 00:01:57.439 And so these cultural differences show 102 00:01:57.439 --> 00:01:58.789 And so these cultural differences show up even in the way our eyes move in 103 00:01:58.789 --> 00:01:58.799 up even in the way our eyes move in 104 00:01:58.799 --> 00:02:00.950 up even in the way our eyes move in front of a painting. I know about this 105 00:02:00.950 --> 00:02:00.960 front of a painting. I know about this 106 00:02:00.960 --> 00:02:03.270 front of a painting. I know about this in politics. If you look at the 107 00:02:03.270 --> 00:02:03.280 in politics. If you look at the 108 00:02:03.280 --> 00:02:05.510 in politics. If you look at the electoral map of 1896 and the electoral 109 00:02:05.510 --> 00:02:05.520 electoral map of 1896 and the electoral 110 00:02:05.520 --> 00:02:07.510 electoral map of 1896 and the electoral map of 2024, 111 00:02:07.510 --> 00:02:07.520 map of 2024, 112 00:02:07.520 --> 00:02:09.830 map of 2024, it's pretty much the same map. The 113 00:02:09.830 --> 00:02:09.840 it's pretty much the same map. The 114 00:02:09.840 --> 00:02:11.430 it's pretty much the same map. The populace, William Jennings Bryan, in 115 00:02:11.430 --> 00:02:11.440 populace, William Jennings Bryan, in 116 00:02:11.440 --> 00:02:14.710 populace, William Jennings Bryan, in 1896 won the South, Texas, Appalachia, 117 00:02:14.710 --> 00:02:14.720 1896 won the South, Texas, Appalachia, 118 00:02:14.720 --> 00:02:16.229 1896 won the South, Texas, Appalachia, the West. 119 00:02:16.229 --> 00:02:16.239 the West. 120 00:02:16.239 --> 00:02:19.589 the West. The American populist of 2016 and 224, 121 00:02:19.589 --> 00:02:19.599 The American populist of 2016 and 224, 122 00:02:19.599 --> 00:02:21.910 The American populist of 2016 and 224, Donald Trump, won the mostly the exact 123 00:02:21.910 --> 00:02:21.920 Donald Trump, won the mostly the exact 124 00:02:21.920 --> 00:02:23.990 Donald Trump, won the mostly the exact same states. They switched political 125 00:02:23.990 --> 00:02:24.000 same states. They switched political 126 00:02:24.000 --> 00:02:26.550 same states. They switched political parties, but the populist cultures of 127 00:02:26.550 --> 00:02:26.560 parties, but the populist cultures of 128 00:02:26.560 --> 00:02:28.229 parties, but the populist cultures of those places stayed exactly the same 129 00:02:28.229 --> 00:02:28.239 those places stayed exactly the same 130 00:02:28.239 --> 00:02:31.030 those places stayed exactly the same over 100 years. And there was a great 131 00:02:31.030 --> 00:02:31.040 over 100 years. And there was a great 132 00:02:31.040 --> 00:02:32.869 over 100 years. And there was a great book called Albian Seed by a guy named 133 00:02:32.869 --> 00:02:32.879 book called Albian Seed by a guy named 134 00:02:32.879 --> 00:02:35.350 book called Albian Seed by a guy named David Hacker Fischer, a historian who 135 00:02:35.350 --> 00:02:35.360 David Hacker Fischer, a historian who 136 00:02:35.360 --> 00:02:37.110 David Hacker Fischer, a historian who said that New England was settled by 137 00:02:37.110 --> 00:02:37.120 said that New England was settled by 138 00:02:37.120 --> 00:02:39.190 said that New England was settled by people from southern England who always 139 00:02:39.190 --> 00:02:39.200 people from southern England who always 140 00:02:39.200 --> 00:02:41.030 people from southern England who always had a a priority. They valued 141 00:02:41.030 --> 00:02:41.040 had a a priority. They valued 142 00:02:41.040 --> 00:02:42.949 had a a priority. They valued educational, emotional restraint, and 143 00:02:42.949 --> 00:02:42.959 educational, emotional restraint, and 144 00:02:42.959 --> 00:02:45.110 educational, emotional restraint, and being active in civic life. West 145 00:02:45.110 --> 00:02:45.120 being active in civic life. West 146 00:02:45.120 --> 00:02:47.110 being active in civic life. West Virginia 300 years ago was settled by 147 00:02:47.110 --> 00:02:47.120 Virginia 300 years ago was settled by 148 00:02:47.120 --> 00:02:48.550 Virginia 300 years ago was settled by the Scots Irish who came from the 149 00:02:48.550 --> 00:02:48.560 the Scots Irish who came from the 150 00:02:48.560 --> 00:02:51.110 the Scots Irish who came from the northern border of England and Scotland. 151 00:02:51.110 --> 00:02:51.120 northern border of England and Scotland. 152 00:02:51.120 --> 00:02:54.229 northern border of England and Scotland. And they f they uh valued military 153 00:02:54.229 --> 00:02:54.239 And they f they uh valued military 154 00:02:54.239 --> 00:02:57.190 And they f they uh valued military service, honor, and shame. And to this 155 00:02:57.190 --> 00:02:57.200 service, honor, and shame. And to this 156 00:02:57.200 --> 00:03:00.070 service, honor, and shame. And to this day, people in Appalachia commit more 157 00:03:00.070 --> 00:03:00.080 day, people in Appalachia commit more 158 00:03:00.080 --> 00:03:01.350 day, people in Appalachia commit more crimes, are more likely to be in the 159 00:03:01.350 --> 00:03:01.360 crimes, are more likely to be in the 160 00:03:01.360 --> 00:03:02.869 crimes, are more likely to be in the military, have lower educational levels 161 00:03:02.869 --> 00:03:02.879 military, have lower educational levels 162 00:03:02.879 --> 00:03:04.550 military, have lower educational levels than people in New England. And so 163 00:03:04.550 --> 00:03:04.560 than people in New England. And so 164 00:03:04.560 --> 00:03:08.229 than people in New England. And so that's 400 years of cultural stability. 165 00:03:08.229 --> 00:03:08.239 that's 400 years of cultural stability. 166 00:03:08.239 --> 00:03:11.030 that's 400 years of cultural stability. Now, cultures can be very stable. They 167 00:03:11.030 --> 00:03:11.040 Now, cultures can be very stable. They 168 00:03:11.040 --> 00:03:13.670 Now, cultures can be very stable. They can also change really rapidly. and they 169 00:03:13.670 --> 00:03:13.680 can also change really rapidly. and they 170 00:03:13.680 --> 00:03:15.910 can also change really rapidly. and they change the way science changes. There's 171 00:03:15.910 --> 00:03:15.920 change the way science changes. There's 172 00:03:15.920 --> 00:03:18.309 change the way science changes. There's a dominant paradigm and then that 173 00:03:18.309 --> 00:03:18.319 a dominant paradigm and then that 174 00:03:18.319 --> 00:03:21.030 a dominant paradigm and then that paradigm shifts when it stops working 175 00:03:21.030 --> 00:03:21.040 paradigm shifts when it stops working 176 00:03:21.040 --> 00:03:23.589 paradigm shifts when it stops working for people. And so over the next few 177 00:03:23.589 --> 00:03:23.599 for people. And so over the next few 178 00:03:23.599 --> 00:03:24.869 for people. And so over the next few minutes, I'm going to try to sprint 179 00:03:24.869 --> 00:03:24.879 minutes, I'm going to try to sprint 180 00:03:24.879 --> 00:03:27.430 minutes, I'm going to try to sprint through the dominant cultural paradigms 181 00:03:27.430 --> 00:03:27.440 through the dominant cultural paradigms 182 00:03:27.440 --> 00:03:30.789 through the dominant cultural paradigms of the last 70 years. So we'll do this 183 00:03:30.789 --> 00:03:30.799 of the last 70 years. So we'll do this 184 00:03:30.799 --> 00:03:34.070 of the last 70 years. So we'll do this quickly. I was driving years ago in 185 00:03:34.070 --> 00:03:34.080 quickly. I was driving years ago in 186 00:03:34.080 --> 00:03:36.550 quickly. I was driving years ago in Washington DC and on Sunday nights our 187 00:03:36.550 --> 00:03:36.560 Washington DC and on Sunday nights our 188 00:03:36.560 --> 00:03:38.550 Washington DC and on Sunday nights our local NPR station broadcast old radio 189 00:03:38.550 --> 00:03:38.560 local NPR station broadcast old radio 190 00:03:38.560 --> 00:03:40.710 local NPR station broadcast old radio shows and I happened to hear a 191 00:03:40.710 --> 00:03:40.720 shows and I happened to hear a 192 00:03:40.720 --> 00:03:42.470 shows and I happened to hear a rebroadcast of a radio show named 193 00:03:42.470 --> 00:03:42.480 rebroadcast of a radio show named 194 00:03:42.480 --> 00:03:44.869 rebroadcast of a radio show named Command Performance which was a variety 195 00:03:44.869 --> 00:03:44.879 Command Performance which was a variety 196 00:03:44.879 --> 00:03:48.149 Command Performance which was a variety show that went out in the 1940s and I 197 00:03:48.149 --> 00:03:48.159 show that went out in the 1940s and I 198 00:03:48.159 --> 00:03:50.070 show that went out in the 1940s and I happened to hear the episode that aired 199 00:03:50.070 --> 00:03:50.080 happened to hear the episode that aired 200 00:03:50.080 --> 00:03:53.030 happened to hear the episode that aired on VJ day 1945. 201 00:03:53.030 --> 00:03:53.040 on VJ day 1945. 202 00:03:53.040 --> 00:03:55.589 on VJ day 1945. It was taped live 203 00:03:55.589 --> 00:03:55.599 It was taped live 204 00:03:55.599 --> 00:03:58.149 It was taped live just hours after Americans won they'd 205 00:03:58.149 --> 00:03:58.159 just hours after Americans won they'd 206 00:03:58.159 --> 00:04:00.630 just hours after Americans won they'd learned they'd won World War II and the 207 00:04:00.630 --> 00:04:00.640 learned they'd won World War II and the 208 00:04:00.640 --> 00:04:03.030 learned they'd won World War II and the host Bing Crosby gets out there just 209 00:04:03.030 --> 00:04:03.040 host Bing Crosby gets out there just 210 00:04:03.040 --> 00:04:05.350 host Bing Crosby gets out there just they've just learned they've won the war 211 00:04:05.350 --> 00:04:05.360 they've just learned they've won the war 212 00:04:05.360 --> 00:04:07.110 they've just learned they've won the war and he says I guess all anybody can 213 00:04:07.110 --> 00:04:07.120 and he says I guess all anybody can 214 00:04:07.120 --> 00:04:10.149 and he says I guess all anybody can think about is to thank God it's over 215 00:04:10.149 --> 00:04:10.159 think about is to thank God it's over 216 00:04:10.159 --> 00:04:12.630 think about is to thank God it's over and today our deep down feeling is one 217 00:04:12.630 --> 00:04:12.640 and today our deep down feeling is one 218 00:04:12.640 --> 00:04:14.309 and today our deep down feeling is one of humility 219 00:04:14.309 --> 00:04:14.319 of humility 220 00:04:14.319 --> 00:04:16.150 of humility and I was really struck by this tone of 221 00:04:16.150 --> 00:04:16.160 and I was really struck by this tone of 222 00:04:16.160 --> 00:04:18.550 and I was really struck by this tone of of quietness after just winning World 223 00:04:18.550 --> 00:04:18.560 of quietness after just winning World 224 00:04:18.560 --> 00:04:20.949 of quietness after just winning World War II. Later in the show, an actor I 225 00:04:20.949 --> 00:04:20.959 War II. Later in the show, an actor I 226 00:04:20.959 --> 00:04:22.150 War II. Later in the show, an actor I hope some of you remember, a guy named 227 00:04:22.150 --> 00:04:22.160 hope some of you remember, a guy named 228 00:04:22.160 --> 00:04:24.469 hope some of you remember, a guy named Burgess Meredith, gets out there and 229 00:04:24.469 --> 00:04:24.479 Burgess Meredith, gets out there and 230 00:04:24.479 --> 00:04:27.030 Burgess Meredith, gets out there and reads a passage from Ernie Pile. And 231 00:04:27.030 --> 00:04:27.040 reads a passage from Ernie Pile. And 232 00:04:27.040 --> 00:04:30.790 reads a passage from Ernie Pile. And Pile uh writes, "We won the war because 233 00:04:30.790 --> 00:04:30.800 Pile uh writes, "We won the war because 234 00:04:30.800 --> 00:04:32.310 Pile uh writes, "We won the war because our men are brave and because of many 235 00:04:32.310 --> 00:04:32.320 our men are brave and because of many 236 00:04:32.320 --> 00:04:34.150 our men are brave and because of many other things like great allies and great 237 00:04:34.150 --> 00:04:34.160 other things like great allies and great 238 00:04:34.160 --> 00:04:36.629 other things like great allies and great material blessings. We did not win it 239 00:04:36.629 --> 00:04:36.639 material blessings. We did not win it 240 00:04:36.639 --> 00:04:38.629 material blessings. We did not win it because destiny created us better than 241 00:04:38.629 --> 00:04:38.639 because destiny created us better than 242 00:04:38.639 --> 00:04:41.510 because destiny created us better than any other people. I hope that in victory 243 00:04:41.510 --> 00:04:41.520 any other people. I hope that in victory 244 00:04:41.520 --> 00:04:43.110 any other people. I hope that in victory victory, we are more grateful than 245 00:04:43.110 --> 00:04:43.120 victory, we are more grateful than 246 00:04:43.120 --> 00:04:45.749 victory, we are more grateful than proud." I was really struck by that tone 247 00:04:45.749 --> 00:04:45.759 proud." I was really struck by that tone 248 00:04:45.759 --> 00:04:47.990 proud." I was really struck by that tone of humility. So I go inside from the 249 00:04:47.990 --> 00:04:48.000 of humility. So I go inside from the 250 00:04:48.000 --> 00:04:49.270 of humility. So I go inside from the radio show. So, I turn on a football 251 00:04:49.270 --> 00:04:49.280 radio show. So, I turn on a football 252 00:04:49.280 --> 00:04:50.629 radio show. So, I turn on a football game. I watch a quarterback throw a 253 00:04:50.629 --> 00:04:50.639 game. I watch a quarterback throw a 254 00:04:50.639 --> 00:04:52.870 game. I watch a quarterback throw a pass. The wide receiver gets tackled 255 00:04:52.870 --> 00:04:52.880 pass. The wide receiver gets tackled 256 00:04:52.880 --> 00:04:54.870 pass. The wide receiver gets tackled after a two- yard gain. And the 257 00:04:54.870 --> 00:04:54.880 after a two- yard gain. And the 258 00:04:54.880 --> 00:04:56.469 after a two- yard gain. And the defensive player does what all defensive 259 00:04:56.469 --> 00:04:56.479 defensive player does what all defensive 260 00:04:56.479 --> 00:04:58.469 defensive player does what all defensive players do. He does a victory dance in 261 00:04:58.469 --> 00:04:58.479 players do. He does a victory dance in 262 00:04:58.479 --> 00:05:00.469 players do. He does a victory dance in honor of himself. 263 00:05:00.469 --> 00:05:00.479 honor of himself. 264 00:05:00.479 --> 00:05:01.990 honor of himself. And it occurred to me I watched a bigger 265 00:05:01.990 --> 00:05:02.000 And it occurred to me I watched a bigger 266 00:05:02.000 --> 00:05:04.390 And it occurred to me I watched a bigger victory dance after a two-y gain in 267 00:05:04.390 --> 00:05:04.400 victory dance after a two-y gain in 268 00:05:04.400 --> 00:05:05.909 victory dance after a two-y gain in football than after winning World War 269 00:05:05.909 --> 00:05:05.919 football than after winning World War 270 00:05:05.919 --> 00:05:07.749 football than after winning World War II. 271 00:05:07.749 --> 00:05:07.759 II. 272 00:05:07.759 --> 00:05:09.430 II. And that suggests a different culture 273 00:05:09.430 --> 00:05:09.440 And that suggests a different culture 274 00:05:09.440 --> 00:05:11.990 And that suggests a different culture back then. It was a culture of moral 275 00:05:11.990 --> 00:05:12.000 back then. It was a culture of moral 276 00:05:12.000 --> 00:05:14.629 back then. It was a culture of moral realism, an awareness that we're all 277 00:05:14.629 --> 00:05:14.639 realism, an awareness that we're all 278 00:05:14.639 --> 00:05:16.150 realism, an awareness that we're all sinful 279 00:05:16.150 --> 00:05:16.160 sinful 280 00:05:16.160 --> 00:05:18.469 sinful and we're we should be aware of human 281 00:05:18.469 --> 00:05:18.479 and we're we should be aware of human 282 00:05:18.479 --> 00:05:20.790 and we're we should be aware of human frailty. And so the first thing we 283 00:05:20.790 --> 00:05:20.800 frailty. And so the first thing we 284 00:05:20.800 --> 00:05:22.950 frailty. And so the first thing we should do is trust institutions that'll 285 00:05:22.950 --> 00:05:22.960 should do is trust institutions that'll 286 00:05:22.960 --> 00:05:24.469 should do is trust institutions that'll make us slightly less selfish than we 287 00:05:24.469 --> 00:05:24.479 make us slightly less selfish than we 288 00:05:24.479 --> 00:05:27.590 make us slightly less selfish than we are. So back then 1940s and 50s, 289 00:05:27.590 --> 00:05:27.600 are. So back then 1940s and 50s, 290 00:05:27.600 --> 00:05:29.189 are. So back then 1940s and 50s, military, government, corporations, 291 00:05:29.189 --> 00:05:29.199 military, government, corporations, 292 00:05:29.199 --> 00:05:31.510 military, government, corporations, union, and the church. People had faith 293 00:05:31.510 --> 00:05:31.520 union, and the church. People had faith 294 00:05:31.520 --> 00:05:34.790 union, and the church. People had faith in authority and trust in institutions 295 00:05:34.790 --> 00:05:34.800 in authority and trust in institutions 296 00:05:34.800 --> 00:05:37.590 in authority and trust in institutions and trust in their local community. If 297 00:05:37.590 --> 00:05:37.600 and trust in their local community. If 298 00:05:37.600 --> 00:05:39.029 and trust in their local community. If you grew up in Chicago, you didn't say 299 00:05:39.029 --> 00:05:39.039 you grew up in Chicago, you didn't say 300 00:05:39.039 --> 00:05:40.310 you grew up in Chicago, you didn't say I'm from Chicago. You said, "I'm from 301 00:05:40.310 --> 00:05:40.320 I'm from Chicago. You said, "I'm from 302 00:05:40.320 --> 00:05:42.870 I'm from Chicago. You said, "I'm from 59th in Palaski." You picked your local 303 00:05:42.870 --> 00:05:42.880 59th in Palaski." You picked your local 304 00:05:42.880 --> 00:05:44.070 59th in Palaski." You picked your local neighborhood where you had tight 305 00:05:44.070 --> 00:05:44.080 neighborhood where you had tight 306 00:05:44.080 --> 00:05:46.629 neighborhood where you had tight community. Back then, there was no TV 307 00:05:46.629 --> 00:05:46.639 community. Back then, there was no TV 308 00:05:46.639 --> 00:05:47.990 community. Back then, there was no TV and no air conditioning. So, in the 309 00:05:47.990 --> 00:05:48.000 and no air conditioning. So, in the 310 00:05:48.000 --> 00:05:49.590 and no air conditioning. So, in the summertime, the doors were all opening. 311 00:05:49.590 --> 00:05:49.600 summertime, the doors were all opening. 312 00:05:49.600 --> 00:05:50.629 summertime, the doors were all opening. The kids from the neighborhood were 313 00:05:50.629 --> 00:05:50.639 The kids from the neighborhood were 314 00:05:50.639 --> 00:05:52.629 The kids from the neighborhood were running into any house, eating at 315 00:05:52.629 --> 00:05:52.639 running into any house, eating at 316 00:05:52.639 --> 00:05:54.070 running into any house, eating at whatever fridge they happened to be 317 00:05:54.070 --> 00:05:54.080 whatever fridge they happened to be 318 00:05:54.080 --> 00:05:56.469 whatever fridge they happened to be closest to. At that moment, it was very 319 00:05:56.469 --> 00:05:56.479 closest to. At that moment, it was very 320 00:05:56.479 --> 00:05:58.870 closest to. At that moment, it was very hard to be a loner in those communities. 321 00:05:58.870 --> 00:05:58.880 hard to be a loner in those communities. 322 00:05:58.880 --> 00:06:00.469 hard to be a loner in those communities. There was dense community, a lot of 323 00:06:00.469 --> 00:06:00.479 There was dense community, a lot of 324 00:06:00.479 --> 00:06:03.350 There was dense community, a lot of social capital, and a lot of neighbors 325 00:06:03.350 --> 00:06:03.360 social capital, and a lot of neighbors 326 00:06:03.360 --> 00:06:05.189 social capital, and a lot of neighbors looking after each other and a culture 327 00:06:05.189 --> 00:06:05.199 looking after each other and a culture 328 00:06:05.199 --> 00:06:07.510 looking after each other and a culture of self- aacement. I'm no better than 329 00:06:07.510 --> 00:06:07.520 of self- aacement. I'm no better than 330 00:06:07.520 --> 00:06:08.870 of self- aacement. I'm no better than anybody else and nobody's better than 331 00:06:08.870 --> 00:06:08.880 anybody else and nobody's better than 332 00:06:08.880 --> 00:06:11.590 anybody else and nobody's better than me. Joe Deaggio, when he hit a home run, 333 00:06:11.590 --> 00:06:11.600 me. Joe Deaggio, when he hit a home run, 334 00:06:11.600 --> 00:06:14.230 me. Joe Deaggio, when he hit a home run, he did not do a bat flip. 335 00:06:14.230 --> 00:06:14.240 he did not do a bat flip. 336 00:06:14.240 --> 00:06:16.230 he did not do a bat flip. George HW Bush, the elder President 337 00:06:16.230 --> 00:06:16.240 George HW Bush, the elder President 338 00:06:16.240 --> 00:06:17.590 George HW Bush, the elder President Bush, who grew up in this culture, when 339 00:06:17.590 --> 00:06:17.600 Bush, who grew up in this culture, when 340 00:06:17.600 --> 00:06:20.150 Bush, who grew up in this culture, when he was running for president, his speech 341 00:06:20.150 --> 00:06:20.160 he was running for president, his speech 342 00:06:20.160 --> 00:06:21.990 he was running for president, his speech writers would write paragraphs into his 343 00:06:21.990 --> 00:06:22.000 writers would write paragraphs into his 344 00:06:22.000 --> 00:06:24.629 writers would write paragraphs into his speeches uh saying why you should vote 345 00:06:24.629 --> 00:06:24.639 speeches uh saying why you should vote 346 00:06:24.639 --> 00:06:26.950 speeches uh saying why you should vote for me, why I'm so great. And he refused 347 00:06:26.950 --> 00:06:26.960 for me, why I'm so great. And he refused 348 00:06:26.960 --> 00:06:29.270 for me, why I'm so great. And he refused to read those speeches because it was 349 00:06:29.270 --> 00:06:29.280 to read those speeches because it was 350 00:06:29.280 --> 00:06:31.430 to read those speeches because it was part of the culture of self- aacement. 351 00:06:31.430 --> 00:06:31.440 part of the culture of self- aacement. 352 00:06:31.440 --> 00:06:33.350 part of the culture of self- aacement. And one day he finally broke down. He 353 00:06:33.350 --> 00:06:33.360 And one day he finally broke down. He 354 00:06:33.360 --> 00:06:35.110 And one day he finally broke down. He agreed to read the paragraph about 355 00:06:35.110 --> 00:06:35.120 agreed to read the paragraph about 356 00:06:35.120 --> 00:06:38.150 agreed to read the paragraph about himself and he got a call from his mom 357 00:06:38.150 --> 00:06:38.160 himself and he got a call from his mom 358 00:06:38.160 --> 00:06:39.990 himself and he got a call from his mom and she said, "George, you're talking 359 00:06:39.990 --> 00:06:40.000 and she said, "George, you're talking 360 00:06:40.000 --> 00:06:42.790 and she said, "George, you're talking about yourself again. Cut out those 361 00:06:42.790 --> 00:06:42.800 about yourself again. Cut out those 362 00:06:42.800 --> 00:06:44.950 about yourself again. Cut out those speeches." So that was the culture of 363 00:06:44.950 --> 00:06:44.960 speeches." So that was the culture of 364 00:06:44.960 --> 00:06:47.990 speeches." So that was the culture of the 40s and 50s. In every mo cultural 365 00:06:47.990 --> 00:06:48.000 the 40s and 50s. In every mo cultural 366 00:06:48.000 --> 00:06:50.070 the 40s and 50s. In every mo cultural moment, the seeds of the future are 367 00:06:50.070 --> 00:06:50.080 moment, the seeds of the future are 368 00:06:50.080 --> 00:06:53.189 moment, the seeds of the future are already present. In the 1950s, there 369 00:06:53.189 --> 00:06:53.199 already present. In the 1950s, there 370 00:06:53.199 --> 00:06:54.309 already present. In the 1950s, there were a lot of people who looked at the 371 00:06:54.309 --> 00:06:54.319 were a lot of people who looked at the 372 00:06:54.319 --> 00:06:55.510 were a lot of people who looked at the culture and said, "It's got some 373 00:06:55.510 --> 00:06:55.520 culture and said, "It's got some 374 00:06:55.520 --> 00:06:58.550 culture and said, "It's got some virtues, but it's got something wrong." 375 00:06:58.550 --> 00:06:58.560 virtues, but it's got something wrong." 376 00:06:58.560 --> 00:07:00.230 virtues, but it's got something wrong." First, it's too suspicious about human 377 00:07:00.230 --> 00:07:00.240 First, it's too suspicious about human 378 00:07:00.240 --> 00:07:01.430 First, it's too suspicious about human nature. There was a guy named Carl 379 00:07:01.430 --> 00:07:01.440 nature. There was a guy named Carl 380 00:07:01.440 --> 00:07:03.589 nature. There was a guy named Carl Rogers and Dr. Benjamin Spock who 381 00:07:03.589 --> 00:07:03.599 Rogers and Dr. Benjamin Spock who 382 00:07:03.599 --> 00:07:06.710 Rogers and Dr. Benjamin Spock who decided we should uh humans are not 383 00:07:06.710 --> 00:07:06.720 decided we should uh humans are not 384 00:07:06.720 --> 00:07:08.629 decided we should uh humans are not sinful. Humans are basically good. We 385 00:07:08.629 --> 00:07:08.639 sinful. Humans are basically good. We 386 00:07:08.639 --> 00:07:09.830 sinful. Humans are basically good. We should liberate them so they can 387 00:07:09.830 --> 00:07:09.840 should liberate them so they can 388 00:07:09.840 --> 00:07:13.749 should liberate them so they can exercise their goodness. Uh and there 389 00:07:13.749 --> 00:07:13.759 exercise their goodness. Uh and there 390 00:07:13.759 --> 00:07:15.510 exercise their goodness. Uh and there was and so and then there there were 391 00:07:15.510 --> 00:07:15.520 was and so and then there there were 392 00:07:15.520 --> 00:07:17.350 was and so and then there there were other critics within then who worried 393 00:07:17.350 --> 00:07:17.360 other critics within then who worried 394 00:07:17.360 --> 00:07:20.070 other critics within then who worried about the conformity of the 1950s. There 395 00:07:20.070 --> 00:07:20.080 about the conformity of the 1950s. There 396 00:07:20.080 --> 00:07:21.830 about the conformity of the 1950s. There were other critics who worried about the 397 00:07:21.830 --> 00:07:21.840 were other critics who worried about the 398 00:07:21.840 --> 00:07:23.430 were other critics who worried about the lack of opportunity for women, for 399 00:07:23.430 --> 00:07:23.440 lack of opportunity for women, for 400 00:07:23.440 --> 00:07:25.510 lack of opportunity for women, for blacks, for all basically all minority 401 00:07:25.510 --> 00:07:25.520 blacks, for all basically all minority 402 00:07:25.520 --> 00:07:27.749 blacks, for all basically all minority groups. And so they wanted to tear down 403 00:07:27.749 --> 00:07:27.759 groups. And so they wanted to tear down 404 00:07:27.759 --> 00:07:30.710 groups. And so they wanted to tear down this culture. And so in the 1960s they 405 00:07:30.710 --> 00:07:30.720 this culture. And so in the 1960s they 406 00:07:30.720 --> 00:07:33.110 this culture. And so in the 1960s they more or less tore it down. The food was 407 00:07:33.110 --> 00:07:33.120 more or less tore it down. The food was 408 00:07:33.120 --> 00:07:34.629 more or less tore it down. The food was terrible. There's no opportunity. 409 00:07:34.629 --> 00:07:34.639 terrible. There's no opportunity. 410 00:07:34.639 --> 00:07:35.990 terrible. There's no opportunity. There's no creativity. There's too much 411 00:07:35.990 --> 00:07:36.000 There's no creativity. There's too much 412 00:07:36.000 --> 00:07:37.430 There's no creativity. There's too much conformity. There's too much 413 00:07:37.430 --> 00:07:37.440 conformity. There's too much 414 00:07:37.440 --> 00:07:40.150 conformity. There's too much organization man behavior. And so the 415 00:07:40.150 --> 00:07:40.160 organization man behavior. And so the 416 00:07:40.160 --> 00:07:42.550 organization man behavior. And so the 60s the dominant paradigm is the age of 417 00:07:42.550 --> 00:07:42.560 60s the dominant paradigm is the age of 418 00:07:42.560 --> 00:07:45.589 60s the dominant paradigm is the age of liberation. Let's throw off restraint so 419 00:07:45.589 --> 00:07:45.599 liberation. Let's throw off restraint so 420 00:07:45.599 --> 00:07:47.670 liberation. Let's throw off restraint so we could have a more fair society, a 421 00:07:47.670 --> 00:07:47.680 we could have a more fair society, a 422 00:07:47.680 --> 00:07:50.550 we could have a more fair society, a more creative society. Don't conform to 423 00:07:50.550 --> 00:07:50.560 more creative society. Don't conform to 424 00:07:50.560 --> 00:07:53.270 more creative society. Don't conform to others. Be true to yourself. There were 425 00:07:53.270 --> 00:07:53.280 others. Be true to yourself. There were 426 00:07:53.280 --> 00:07:56.070 others. Be true to yourself. There were two quarterbacks in 1969 who played 427 00:07:56.070 --> 00:07:56.080 two quarterbacks in 1969 who played 428 00:07:56.080 --> 00:07:57.589 two quarterbacks in 1969 who played football in the Super Bowl against each 429 00:07:57.589 --> 00:07:57.599 football in the Super Bowl against each 430 00:07:57.599 --> 00:08:00.710 football in the Super Bowl against each other. One guy was uh 1950s kind of guy, 431 00:08:00.710 --> 00:08:00.720 other. One guy was uh 1950s kind of guy, 432 00:08:00.720 --> 00:08:02.629 other. One guy was uh 1950s kind of guy, Johnny Eunitis. 433 00:08:02.629 --> 00:08:02.639 Johnny Eunitis. 434 00:08:02.639 --> 00:08:04.950 Johnny Eunitis. High socks, crew cut hair, extremely 435 00:08:04.950 --> 00:08:04.960 High socks, crew cut hair, extremely 436 00:08:04.960 --> 00:08:06.469 High socks, crew cut hair, extremely boring. 437 00:08:06.469 --> 00:08:06.479 boring. 438 00:08:06.479 --> 00:08:08.150 boring. The guy on the side I was rooting for in 439 00:08:08.150 --> 00:08:08.160 The guy on the side I was rooting for in 440 00:08:08.160 --> 00:08:09.350 The guy on the side I was rooting for in that Super Bowl was a guy named Joe 441 00:08:09.350 --> 00:08:09.360 that Super Bowl was a guy named Joe 442 00:08:09.360 --> 00:08:10.869 that Super Bowl was a guy named Joe Nameoth. 443 00:08:10.869 --> 00:08:10.879 Nameoth. 444 00:08:10.879 --> 00:08:13.589 Nameoth. Long hair, swinger, playboy. Nameoth 445 00:08:13.589 --> 00:08:13.599 Long hair, swinger, playboy. Nameoth 446 00:08:13.599 --> 00:08:15.749 Long hair, swinger, playboy. Nameoth wrote a memoir called I can't wait until 447 00:08:15.749 --> 00:08:15.759 wrote a memoir called I can't wait until 448 00:08:15.759 --> 00:08:17.589 wrote a memoir called I can't wait until tomorrow because I get better looking 449 00:08:17.589 --> 00:08:17.599 tomorrow because I get better looking 450 00:08:17.599 --> 00:08:19.670 tomorrow because I get better looking every day. 451 00:08:19.670 --> 00:08:19.680 every day. 452 00:08:19.680 --> 00:08:23.749 every day. And so that's a shift. And little me, I 453 00:08:23.749 --> 00:08:23.759 And so that's a shift. And little me, I 454 00:08:23.759 --> 00:08:25.749 And so that's a shift. And little me, I was involved in that shift. I was there 455 00:08:25.749 --> 00:08:25.759 was involved in that shift. I was there 456 00:08:25.759 --> 00:08:28.790 was involved in that shift. I was there in 1966. The hippies in Central Park in 457 00:08:28.790 --> 00:08:28.800 in 1966. The hippies in Central Park in 458 00:08:28.800 --> 00:08:31.189 in 1966. The hippies in Central Park in New York had a thing called a bee in 459 00:08:31.189 --> 00:08:31.199 New York had a thing called a bee in 460 00:08:31.199 --> 00:08:34.070 New York had a thing called a bee in where they would go just to be. And one 461 00:08:34.070 --> 00:08:34.080 where they would go just to be. And one 462 00:08:34.080 --> 00:08:35.589 where they would go just to be. And one of the things they did is they had folk 463 00:08:35.589 --> 00:08:35.599 of the things they did is they had folk 464 00:08:35.599 --> 00:08:38.149 of the things they did is they had folk dancing and singing and they put they 465 00:08:38.149 --> 00:08:38.159 dancing and singing and they put they 466 00:08:38.159 --> 00:08:40.550 dancing and singing and they put they set a garbage can on fire and they threw 467 00:08:40.550 --> 00:08:40.560 set a garbage can on fire and they threw 468 00:08:40.560 --> 00:08:42.230 set a garbage can on fire and they threw their wallets into it to demonstrate how 469 00:08:42.230 --> 00:08:42.240 their wallets into it to demonstrate how 470 00:08:42.240 --> 00:08:43.350 their wallets into it to demonstrate how little they cared about money and 471 00:08:43.350 --> 00:08:43.360 little they cared about money and 472 00:08:43.360 --> 00:08:46.230 little they cared about money and material things. I was five and I saw a 473 00:08:46.230 --> 00:08:46.240 material things. I was five and I saw a 474 00:08:46.240 --> 00:08:48.790 material things. I was five and I saw a $5 bill on fire in the garbage can. So I 475 00:08:48.790 --> 00:08:48.800 $5 bill on fire in the garbage can. So I 476 00:08:48.800 --> 00:08:50.630 $5 bill on fire in the garbage can. So I broke from the crowd, reached into the 477 00:08:50.630 --> 00:08:50.640 broke from the crowd, reached into the 478 00:08:50.640 --> 00:08:53.509 broke from the crowd, reached into the fire, grabbed the money, and ran away. 479 00:08:53.509 --> 00:08:53.519 fire, grabbed the money, and ran away. 480 00:08:53.519 --> 00:08:55.509 fire, grabbed the money, and ran away. And I say that was my first step over to 481 00:08:55.509 --> 00:08:55.519 And I say that was my first step over to 482 00:08:55.519 --> 00:08:59.190 And I say that was my first step over to the right. Um but it it was part of that 483 00:08:59.190 --> 00:08:59.200 the right. Um but it it was part of that 484 00:08:59.200 --> 00:09:00.949 the right. Um but it it was part of that moment. 485 00:09:00.949 --> 00:09:00.959 moment. 486 00:09:00.959 --> 00:09:03.590 moment. Some decades reverse the earlier decade 487 00:09:03.590 --> 00:09:03.600 Some decades reverse the earlier decade 488 00:09:03.600 --> 00:09:05.829 Some decades reverse the earlier decade like the 60s reversed the 50s. Some 489 00:09:05.829 --> 00:09:05.839 like the 60s reversed the 50s. Some 490 00:09:05.839 --> 00:09:09.030 like the 60s reversed the 50s. Some decades consolidate and the 1970s 491 00:09:09.030 --> 00:09:09.040 decades consolidate and the 1970s 492 00:09:09.040 --> 00:09:11.590 decades consolidate and the 1970s consolidated the cultural shift from 493 00:09:11.590 --> 00:09:11.600 consolidated the cultural shift from 494 00:09:11.600 --> 00:09:15.190 consolidated the cultural shift from restraint to liberation of the 1960s and 495 00:09:15.190 --> 00:09:15.200 restraint to liberation of the 1960s and 496 00:09:15.200 --> 00:09:17.190 restraint to liberation of the 1960s and we harvested a lot of creativity in the 497 00:09:17.190 --> 00:09:17.200 we harvested a lot of creativity in the 498 00:09:17.200 --> 00:09:20.389 we harvested a lot of creativity in the 1970s. So some of the classic rock songs 499 00:09:20.389 --> 00:09:20.399 1970s. So some of the classic rock songs 500 00:09:20.399 --> 00:09:21.829 1970s. So some of the classic rock songs were written then Stairway to Heaven, 501 00:09:21.829 --> 00:09:21.839 were written then Stairway to Heaven, 502 00:09:21.839 --> 00:09:24.389 were written then Stairway to Heaven, Freeird, Born to Run, Bohemian Rap City. 503 00:09:24.389 --> 00:09:24.399 Freeird, Born to Run, Bohemian Rap City. 504 00:09:24.399 --> 00:09:25.990 Freeird, Born to Run, Bohemian Rap City. Some of the great movies were created in 505 00:09:25.990 --> 00:09:26.000 Some of the great movies were created in 506 00:09:26.000 --> 00:09:28.150 Some of the great movies were created in the 1970s. The Godfather, Chinatown, 507 00:09:28.150 --> 00:09:28.160 the 1970s. The Godfather, Chinatown, 508 00:09:28.160 --> 00:09:30.150 the 1970s. The Godfather, Chinatown, Star Wars, Annie Hall, Taxi Driver, 509 00:09:30.150 --> 00:09:30.160 Star Wars, Annie Hall, Taxi Driver, 510 00:09:30.160 --> 00:09:32.470 Star Wars, Annie Hall, Taxi Driver, Apocalypse Now. 511 00:09:32.470 --> 00:09:32.480 Apocalypse Now. 512 00:09:32.480 --> 00:09:35.110 Apocalypse Now. That was a benefit. The disadvantage is 513 00:09:35.110 --> 00:09:35.120 That was a benefit. The disadvantage is 514 00:09:35.120 --> 00:09:38.230 That was a benefit. The disadvantage is the liberatory movement of the 1960s led 515 00:09:38.230 --> 00:09:38.240 the liberatory movement of the 1960s led 516 00:09:38.240 --> 00:09:42.070 the liberatory movement of the 1960s led to chaos. Social chaos in the 1970s. 517 00:09:42.070 --> 00:09:42.080 to chaos. Social chaos in the 1970s. 518 00:09:42.080 --> 00:09:44.470 to chaos. Social chaos in the 1970s. Between 1960 and 1980, the divorce rates 519 00:09:44.470 --> 00:09:44.480 Between 1960 and 1980, the divorce rates 520 00:09:44.480 --> 00:09:46.230 Between 1960 and 1980, the divorce rates more than doubled. The share of children 521 00:09:46.230 --> 00:09:46.240 more than doubled. The share of children 522 00:09:46.240 --> 00:09:48.070 more than doubled. The share of children born out of wedlock more than tripled. 523 00:09:48.070 --> 00:09:48.080 born out of wedlock more than tripled. 524 00:09:48.080 --> 00:09:50.550 born out of wedlock more than tripled. Violent crime tripled. Drug use 525 00:09:50.550 --> 00:09:50.560 Violent crime tripled. Drug use 526 00:09:50.560 --> 00:09:52.790 Violent crime tripled. Drug use exploded. I was living in New York City 527 00:09:52.790 --> 00:09:52.800 exploded. I was living in New York City 528 00:09:52.800 --> 00:09:56.150 exploded. I was living in New York City in the 1970s and everybody got mugged. 529 00:09:56.150 --> 00:09:56.160 in the 1970s and everybody got mugged. 530 00:09:56.160 --> 00:09:57.910 in the 1970s and everybody got mugged. There was a serial castrator on the 531 00:09:57.910 --> 00:09:57.920 There was a serial castrator on the 532 00:09:57.920 --> 00:09:59.670 There was a serial castrator on the upper west side of Manhattan who would 533 00:09:59.670 --> 00:09:59.680 upper west side of Manhattan who would 534 00:09:59.680 --> 00:10:01.750 upper west side of Manhattan who would lure kids into Central Park and castrate 535 00:10:01.750 --> 00:10:01.760 lure kids into Central Park and castrate 536 00:10:01.760 --> 00:10:03.990 lure kids into Central Park and castrate them. His nickname in the paper was 537 00:10:03.990 --> 00:10:04.000 them. His nickname in the paper was 538 00:10:04.000 --> 00:10:07.110 them. His nickname in the paper was Charlie Chop off. But such was the chaos 539 00:10:07.110 --> 00:10:07.120 Charlie Chop off. But such was the chaos 540 00:10:07.120 --> 00:10:09.110 Charlie Chop off. But such was the chaos of New York in those days. It wasn't 541 00:10:09.110 --> 00:10:09.120 of New York in those days. It wasn't 542 00:10:09.120 --> 00:10:11.829 of New York in those days. It wasn't even a big story. We just all were used 543 00:10:11.829 --> 00:10:11.839 even a big story. We just all were used 544 00:10:11.839 --> 00:10:14.150 even a big story. We just all were used to a level of chaos. 545 00:10:14.150 --> 00:10:14.160 to a level of chaos. 546 00:10:14.160 --> 00:10:18.230 to a level of chaos. Uh and so the 70s took the that creative 547 00:10:18.230 --> 00:10:18.240 Uh and so the 70s took the that creative 548 00:10:18.240 --> 00:10:20.550 Uh and so the 70s took the that creative energy that individualistic let's be 549 00:10:20.550 --> 00:10:20.560 energy that individualistic let's be 550 00:10:20.560 --> 00:10:23.190 energy that individualistic let's be free to be me and you you and me and 551 00:10:23.190 --> 00:10:23.200 free to be me and you you and me and 552 00:10:23.200 --> 00:10:24.790 free to be me and you you and me and they built on it to create a lot of 553 00:10:24.790 --> 00:10:24.800 they built on it to create a lot of 554 00:10:24.800 --> 00:10:27.509 they built on it to create a lot of great culture but it also produced a lot 555 00:10:27.509 --> 00:10:27.519 great culture but it also produced a lot 556 00:10:27.519 --> 00:10:31.030 great culture but it also produced a lot of chaos and then out of that chaos a 557 00:10:31.030 --> 00:10:31.040 of chaos and then out of that chaos a 558 00:10:31.040 --> 00:10:33.829 of chaos and then out of that chaos a loss of institutional authority social 559 00:10:33.829 --> 00:10:33.839 loss of institutional authority social 560 00:10:33.839 --> 00:10:36.150 loss of institutional authority social trust trust institutions collapses in 561 00:10:36.150 --> 00:10:36.160 trust trust institutions collapses in 562 00:10:36.160 --> 00:10:38.790 trust trust institutions collapses in the 1970s there's the myi massacre 563 00:10:38.790 --> 00:10:38.800 the 1970s there's the myi massacre 564 00:10:38.800 --> 00:10:40.470 the 1970s there's the myi massacre there's defeat in Vietnam there's 565 00:10:40.470 --> 00:10:40.480 there's defeat in Vietnam there's 566 00:10:40.480 --> 00:10:42.310 there's defeat in Vietnam there's Watergate there's the decimation of 567 00:10:42.310 --> 00:10:42.320 Watergate there's the decimation of 568 00:10:42.320 --> 00:10:43.990 Watergate there's the decimation of American manufacturing ing. There's 569 00:10:43.990 --> 00:10:44.000 American manufacturing ing. There's 570 00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:45.670 American manufacturing ing. There's bankruptcy in New York. There's hostage 571 00:10:45.670 --> 00:10:45.680 bankruptcy in New York. There's hostage 572 00:10:45.680 --> 00:10:48.949 bankruptcy in New York. There's hostage taking in in Thran. People lose faith in 573 00:10:48.949 --> 00:10:48.959 taking in in Thran. People lose faith in 574 00:10:48.959 --> 00:10:50.389 taking in in Thran. People lose faith in the idea that our institutions are 575 00:10:50.389 --> 00:10:50.399 the idea that our institutions are 576 00:10:50.399 --> 00:10:53.030 the idea that our institutions are basically functioning. 577 00:10:53.030 --> 00:10:53.040 basically functioning. 578 00:10:53.040 --> 00:10:55.190 basically functioning. Out of that chaos comes the next 579 00:10:55.190 --> 00:10:55.200 Out of that chaos comes the next 580 00:10:55.200 --> 00:10:58.230 Out of that chaos comes the next cultural moment in the 1980s, 581 00:10:58.230 --> 00:10:58.240 cultural moment in the 1980s, 582 00:10:58.240 --> 00:11:01.269 cultural moment in the 1980s, which was if the 1960s was bohemian 583 00:11:01.269 --> 00:11:01.279 which was if the 1960s was bohemian 584 00:11:01.279 --> 00:11:03.910 which was if the 1960s was bohemian liberation, arts, creativity, 585 00:11:03.910 --> 00:11:03.920 liberation, arts, creativity, 586 00:11:03.920 --> 00:11:05.910 liberation, arts, creativity, the 1980s was what you might call a 587 00:11:05.910 --> 00:11:05.920 the 1980s was what you might call a 588 00:11:05.920 --> 00:11:08.790 the 1980s was what you might call a bourgeoa backlash. People who looked at 589 00:11:08.790 --> 00:11:08.800 bourgeoa backlash. People who looked at 590 00:11:08.800 --> 00:11:11.110 bourgeoa backlash. People who looked at Woodstock and didn't like what they saw 591 00:11:11.110 --> 00:11:11.120 Woodstock and didn't like what they saw 592 00:11:11.120 --> 00:11:13.509 Woodstock and didn't like what they saw decided we need to reimpose bajgeoa 593 00:11:13.509 --> 00:11:13.519 decided we need to reimpose bajgeoa 594 00:11:13.519 --> 00:11:16.230 decided we need to reimpose bajgeoa values. And bourgeoa values are things 595 00:11:16.230 --> 00:11:16.240 values. And bourgeoa values are things 596 00:11:16.240 --> 00:11:18.310 values. And bourgeoa values are things like being self-disciplined, showing up 597 00:11:18.310 --> 00:11:18.320 like being self-disciplined, showing up 598 00:11:18.320 --> 00:11:21.110 like being self-disciplined, showing up on time, dressing neatly, wearing a 599 00:11:21.110 --> 00:11:21.120 on time, dressing neatly, wearing a 600 00:11:21.120 --> 00:11:23.350 on time, dressing neatly, wearing a suit, being entrepreneurial, and 601 00:11:23.350 --> 00:11:23.360 suit, being entrepreneurial, and 602 00:11:23.360 --> 00:11:25.750 suit, being entrepreneurial, and believing in institutions. 603 00:11:25.750 --> 00:11:25.760 believing in institutions. 604 00:11:25.760 --> 00:11:27.910 believing in institutions. Uh, and so you saw the beginning of 605 00:11:27.910 --> 00:11:27.920 Uh, and so you saw the beginning of 606 00:11:27.920 --> 00:11:29.509 Uh, and so you saw the beginning of Ronald Reagan, you saw Margaret 607 00:11:29.509 --> 00:11:29.519 Ronald Reagan, you saw Margaret 608 00:11:29.519 --> 00:11:32.630 Ronald Reagan, you saw Margaret Thatcher, the vigorous virtues. Uh, you 609 00:11:32.630 --> 00:11:32.640 Thatcher, the vigorous virtues. Uh, you 610 00:11:32.640 --> 00:11:36.870 Thatcher, the vigorous virtues. Uh, you saw uh the emphasis on character. They 611 00:11:36.870 --> 00:11:36.880 saw uh the emphasis on character. They 612 00:11:36.880 --> 00:11:38.870 saw uh the emphasis on character. They wanted to reestablish back to basics 613 00:11:38.870 --> 00:11:38.880 wanted to reestablish back to basics 614 00:11:38.880 --> 00:11:40.150 wanted to reestablish back to basics more on the conservative side. And there 615 00:11:40.150 --> 00:11:40.160 more on the conservative side. And there 616 00:11:40.160 --> 00:11:42.230 more on the conservative side. And there was a James Q. Wilson, a famous Harvard 617 00:11:42.230 --> 00:11:42.240 was a James Q. Wilson, a famous Harvard 618 00:11:42.240 --> 00:11:44.389 was a James Q. Wilson, a famous Harvard sociologist who said, "The most 619 00:11:44.389 --> 00:11:44.399 sociologist who said, "The most 620 00:11:44.399 --> 00:11:46.230 sociologist who said, "The most important change in how one defines the 621 00:11:46.230 --> 00:11:46.240 important change in how one defines the 622 00:11:46.240 --> 00:11:48.710 important change in how one defines the public interest that I've witnessed over 623 00:11:48.710 --> 00:11:48.720 public interest that I've witnessed over 624 00:11:48.720 --> 00:11:50.550 public interest that I've witnessed over the last 20 years has been the deepening 625 00:11:50.550 --> 00:11:50.560 the last 20 years has been the deepening 626 00:11:50.560 --> 00:11:53.030 the last 20 years has been the deepening concern for the development of character 627 00:11:53.030 --> 00:11:53.040 concern for the development of character 628 00:11:53.040 --> 00:11:55.670 concern for the development of character in the citizenry. So it's basically a 629 00:11:55.670 --> 00:11:55.680 in the citizenry. So it's basically a 630 00:11:55.680 --> 00:11:57.670 in the citizenry. So it's basically a reestablishment of old-fashioned 631 00:11:57.670 --> 00:11:57.680 reestablishment of old-fashioned 632 00:11:57.680 --> 00:12:00.310 reestablishment of old-fashioned bourgeoa traditionalism in the 1980s. I 633 00:12:00.310 --> 00:12:00.320 bourgeoa traditionalism in the 1980s. I 634 00:12:00.320 --> 00:12:02.630 bourgeoa traditionalism in the 1980s. I was sort of there for that, too. I 635 00:12:02.630 --> 00:12:02.640 was sort of there for that, too. I 636 00:12:02.640 --> 00:12:05.269 was sort of there for that, too. I graduated from University of Chicago in 637 00:12:05.269 --> 00:12:05.279 graduated from University of Chicago in 638 00:12:05.279 --> 00:12:07.030 graduated from University of Chicago in 1983 639 00:12:07.030 --> 00:12:07.040 1983 640 00:12:07.040 --> 00:12:09.590 1983 and in that year a alumni of this 641 00:12:09.590 --> 00:12:09.600 and in that year a alumni of this 642 00:12:09.600 --> 00:12:10.629 and in that year a alumni of this institution, a guy named William 643 00:12:10.629 --> 00:12:10.639 institution, a guy named William 644 00:12:10.639 --> 00:12:12.949 institution, a guy named William F.Buckley came to campus. He had just 645 00:12:12.949 --> 00:12:12.959 F.Buckley came to campus. He had just 646 00:12:12.959 --> 00:12:15.509 F.Buckley came to campus. He had just written a book called Overdrive and I 647 00:12:15.509 --> 00:12:15.519 written a book called Overdrive and I 648 00:12:15.519 --> 00:12:17.750 written a book called Overdrive and I wrote a parody of him for being a named 649 00:12:17.750 --> 00:12:17.760 wrote a parody of him for being a named 650 00:12:17.760 --> 00:12:19.990 wrote a parody of him for being a named dropping blowhard in the school paper 651 00:12:19.990 --> 00:12:20.000 dropping blowhard in the school paper 652 00:12:20.000 --> 00:12:22.629 dropping blowhard in the school paper and I'll read you the first paragraph. I 653 00:12:22.629 --> 00:12:22.639 and I'll read you the first paragraph. I 654 00:12:22.639 --> 00:12:25.190 and I'll read you the first paragraph. I wrote this with when I was 21 so forgive 655 00:12:25.190 --> 00:12:25.200 wrote this with when I was 21 so forgive 656 00:12:25.200 --> 00:12:28.069 wrote this with when I was 21 so forgive me. Uh, William Free Market Buckley was 657 00:12:28.069 --> 00:12:28.079 me. Uh, William Free Market Buckley was 658 00:12:28.079 --> 00:12:30.389 me. Uh, William Free Market Buckley was born on December 25th, 1925 in a little 659 00:12:30.389 --> 00:12:30.399 born on December 25th, 1925 in a little 660 00:12:30.399 --> 00:12:32.949 born on December 25th, 1925 in a little town called Bethlehem. He was baptized 661 00:12:32.949 --> 00:12:32.959 town called Bethlehem. He was baptized 662 00:12:32.959 --> 00:12:35.509 town called Bethlehem. He was baptized on December 8 28th and admitted to Yale 663 00:12:35.509 --> 00:12:35.519 on December 8 28th and admitted to Yale 664 00:12:35.519 --> 00:12:37.910 on December 8 28th and admitted to Yale University on the 30th. Buckley spent 665 00:12:37.910 --> 00:12:37.920 University on the 30th. Buckley spent 666 00:12:37.920 --> 00:12:39.350 University on the 30th. Buckley spent most of his infancy working on his 667 00:12:39.350 --> 00:12:39.360 most of his infancy working on his 668 00:12:39.360 --> 00:12:41.509 most of his infancy working on his memoirs. By the time he had learned to 669 00:12:41.509 --> 00:12:41.519 memoirs. By the time he had learned to 670 00:12:41.519 --> 00:12:43.910 memoirs. By the time he had learned to talk, he had finished three volumes. The 671 00:12:43.910 --> 00:12:43.920 talk, he had finished three volumes. The 672 00:12:43.920 --> 00:12:45.509 talk, he had finished three volumes. The world before Buckley, which traced the 673 00:12:45.509 --> 00:12:45.519 world before Buckley, which traced the 674 00:12:45.519 --> 00:12:46.629 world before Buckley, which traced the history of the world prior to his 675 00:12:46.629 --> 00:12:46.639 history of the world prior to his 676 00:12:46.639 --> 00:12:48.870 history of the world prior to his conception, The Seeds of Utopia, which 677 00:12:48.870 --> 00:12:48.880 conception, The Seeds of Utopia, which 678 00:12:48.880 --> 00:12:50.790 conception, The Seeds of Utopia, which outlined his effect on the world order 679 00:12:50.790 --> 00:12:50.800 outlined his effect on the world order 680 00:12:50.800 --> 00:12:52.790 outlined his effect on the world order during the nine months of his gestation, 681 00:12:52.790 --> 00:12:52.800 during the nine months of his gestation, 682 00:12:52.800 --> 00:12:54.389 during the nine months of his gestation, and The Glorious Dawn, which described 683 00:12:54.389 --> 00:12:54.399 and The Glorious Dawn, which described 684 00:12:54.399 --> 00:12:56.069 and The Glorious Dawn, which described the profound ramifications of his birth 685 00:12:56.069 --> 00:12:56.079 the profound ramifications of his birth 686 00:12:56.079 --> 00:12:58.069 the profound ramifications of his birth on the social order. And so I did a 687 00:12:58.069 --> 00:12:58.079 on the social order. And so I did a 688 00:12:58.079 --> 00:12:59.269 on the social order. And so I did a whole series of jokes like that. I 689 00:12:59.269 --> 00:12:59.279 whole series of jokes like that. I 690 00:12:59.279 --> 00:13:01.110 whole series of jokes like that. I remember I wrote when Buckley was at 691 00:13:01.110 --> 00:13:01.120 remember I wrote when Buckley was at 692 00:13:01.120 --> 00:13:03.190 remember I wrote when Buckley was at Yale, he formed two magazines, one 693 00:13:03.190 --> 00:13:03.200 Yale, he formed two magazines, one 694 00:13:03.200 --> 00:13:04.629 Yale, he formed two magazines, one called the Buckley Review and one called 695 00:13:04.629 --> 00:13:04.639 called the Buckley Review and one called 696 00:13:04.639 --> 00:13:07.190 called the Buckley Review and one called the National Buckley, which he merged to 697 00:13:07.190 --> 00:13:07.200 the National Buckley, which he merged to 698 00:13:07.200 --> 00:13:10.870 the National Buckley, which he merged to form the Buckley Buckley. And so and so 699 00:13:10.870 --> 00:13:10.880 form the Buckley Buckley. And so and so 700 00:13:10.880 --> 00:13:13.110 form the Buckley Buckley. And so and so he at the end of the interview he says 701 00:13:13.110 --> 00:13:13.120 he at the end of the interview he says 702 00:13:13.120 --> 00:13:15.190 he at the end of the interview he says David Brooks if you're in the audience 703 00:13:15.190 --> 00:13:15.200 David Brooks if you're in the audience 704 00:13:15.200 --> 00:13:17.110 David Brooks if you're in the audience his speech I mean I want to give you a 705 00:13:17.110 --> 00:13:17.120 his speech I mean I want to give you a 706 00:13:17.120 --> 00:13:19.829 his speech I mean I want to give you a job and that was the big break of my 707 00:13:19.829 --> 00:13:19.839 job and that was the big break of my 708 00:13:19.839 --> 00:13:22.470 job and that was the big break of my life. Now sadly I was not in the 709 00:13:22.470 --> 00:13:22.480 life. Now sadly I was not in the 710 00:13:22.480 --> 00:13:26.710 life. Now sadly I was not in the audience. Uh I had been hired by PBS to 711 00:13:26.710 --> 00:13:26.720 audience. Uh I had been hired by PBS to 712 00:13:26.720 --> 00:13:28.790 audience. Uh I had been hired by PBS to debate Milton Freriedman on TV and I 713 00:13:28.790 --> 00:13:28.800 debate Milton Freriedman on TV and I 714 00:13:28.800 --> 00:13:30.949 debate Milton Freriedman on TV and I mentioned this earlier and it was Milton 715 00:13:30.949 --> 00:13:30.959 mentioned this earlier and it was Milton 716 00:13:30.959 --> 00:13:32.389 mentioned this earlier and it was Milton and we were going to debate economics. I 717 00:13:32.389 --> 00:13:32.399 and we were going to debate economics. I 718 00:13:32.399 --> 00:13:34.790 and we were going to debate economics. I was then a socialist and Freriedman was 719 00:13:34.790 --> 00:13:34.800 was then a socialist and Freriedman was 720 00:13:34.800 --> 00:13:37.190 was then a socialist and Freriedman was a Nobel Prize winner. 721 00:13:37.190 --> 00:13:37.200 a Nobel Prize winner. 722 00:13:37.200 --> 00:13:38.710 a Nobel Prize winner. And you can imagine how well that debate 723 00:13:38.710 --> 00:13:38.720 And you can imagine how well that debate 724 00:13:38.720 --> 00:13:41.350 And you can imagine how well that debate went on. You can go on YouTube today and 725 00:13:41.350 --> 00:13:41.360 went on. You can go on YouTube today and 726 00:13:41.360 --> 00:13:42.949 went on. You can go on YouTube today and if you write in the subject line David 727 00:13:42.949 --> 00:13:42.959 if you write in the subject line David 728 00:13:42.959 --> 00:13:44.949 if you write in the subject line David Brooks Freeman, you'll see a picture of 729 00:13:44.949 --> 00:13:44.959 Brooks Freeman, you'll see a picture of 730 00:13:44.959 --> 00:13:47.030 Brooks Freeman, you'll see a picture of 21-year-old me with a big head of hair, 731 00:13:47.030 --> 00:13:47.040 21-year-old me with a big head of hair, 732 00:13:47.040 --> 00:13:49.670 21-year-old me with a big head of hair, these 1980s large glasses that were 733 00:13:49.670 --> 00:13:49.680 these 1980s large glasses that were 734 00:13:49.680 --> 00:13:50.949 these 1980s large glasses that were apparently on loan from the Mount 735 00:13:50.949 --> 00:13:50.959 apparently on loan from the Mount 736 00:13:50.959 --> 00:13:53.829 apparently on loan from the Mount Polymer Lunar Observatory. And I make an 737 00:13:53.829 --> 00:13:53.839 Polymer Lunar Observatory. And I make an 738 00:13:53.839 --> 00:13:55.110 Polymer Lunar Observatory. And I make an argument I've read in a socialist 739 00:13:55.110 --> 00:13:55.120 argument I've read in a socialist 740 00:13:55.120 --> 00:13:57.350 argument I've read in a socialist textbook. He destroys it in about 6 741 00:13:57.350 --> 00:13:57.360 textbook. He destroys it in about 6 742 00:13:57.360 --> 00:14:00.310 textbook. He destroys it in about 6 seconds. And then the camera lingers on 743 00:14:00.310 --> 00:14:00.320 seconds. And then the camera lingers on 744 00:14:00.320 --> 00:14:01.750 seconds. And then the camera lingers on my face for 30 seconds while I try to 745 00:14:01.750 --> 00:14:01.760 my face for 30 seconds while I try to 746 00:14:01.760 --> 00:14:03.030 my face for 30 seconds while I try to think of something to say. That was the 747 00:14:03.030 --> 00:14:03.040 think of something to say. That was the 748 00:14:03.040 --> 00:14:04.710 think of something to say. That was the show. 749 00:14:04.710 --> 00:14:04.720 show. 750 00:14:04.720 --> 00:14:07.350 show. And so the 1980s, Freriedman and 751 00:14:07.350 --> 00:14:07.360 And so the 1980s, Freriedman and 752 00:14:07.360 --> 00:14:08.949 And so the 1980s, Freriedman and Buckley, with whom I fell into 753 00:14:08.949 --> 00:14:08.959 Buckley, with whom I fell into 754 00:14:08.959 --> 00:14:10.949 Buckley, with whom I fell into eventually, 755 00:14:10.949 --> 00:14:10.959 eventually, 756 00:14:10.959 --> 00:14:14.389 eventually, uh they that bourgeoa backlash reversed 757 00:14:14.389 --> 00:14:14.399 uh they that bourgeoa backlash reversed 758 00:14:14.399 --> 00:14:15.509 uh they that bourgeoa backlash reversed some of the things that happened in the 759 00:14:15.509 --> 00:14:15.519 some of the things that happened in the 760 00:14:15.519 --> 00:14:18.629 some of the things that happened in the 60s, but not everything, not the 1960s, 761 00:14:18.629 --> 00:14:18.639 60s, but not everything, not the 1960s, 762 00:14:18.639 --> 00:14:21.030 60s, but not everything, not the 1960s, not the individualism. And so we have 763 00:14:21.030 --> 00:14:21.040 not the individualism. And so we have 764 00:14:21.040 --> 00:14:23.829 not the individualism. And so we have that cultural moment in the 1980s, but 765 00:14:23.829 --> 00:14:23.839 that cultural moment in the 1980s, but 766 00:14:23.839 --> 00:14:26.470 that cultural moment in the 1980s, but then you shift and just as the cultural 767 00:14:26.470 --> 00:14:26.480 then you shift and just as the cultural 768 00:14:26.480 --> 00:14:28.949 then you shift and just as the cultural values of the 1970s consolidated the the 769 00:14:28.949 --> 00:14:28.959 values of the 1970s consolidated the the 770 00:14:28.959 --> 00:14:31.189 values of the 1970s consolidated the the break of the 1960s, the values of the 771 00:14:31.189 --> 00:14:31.199 break of the 1960s, the values of the 772 00:14:31.199 --> 00:14:33.509 break of the 1960s, the values of the 1990s consolidated some of the things 773 00:14:33.509 --> 00:14:33.519 1990s consolidated some of the things 774 00:14:33.519 --> 00:14:35.910 1990s consolidated some of the things that happened in the 1980s. And 775 00:14:35.910 --> 00:14:35.920 that happened in the 1980s. And 776 00:14:35.920 --> 00:14:39.030 that happened in the 1980s. And basically the 1990s were an age of 777 00:14:39.030 --> 00:14:39.040 basically the 1990s were an age of 778 00:14:39.040 --> 00:14:41.350 basically the 1990s were an age of cultural synthesis. 779 00:14:41.350 --> 00:14:41.360 cultural synthesis. 780 00:14:41.360 --> 00:14:44.870 cultural synthesis. The primary move was convergence. Things 781 00:14:44.870 --> 00:14:44.880 The primary move was convergence. Things 782 00:14:44.880 --> 00:14:47.189 The primary move was convergence. Things in the 1990s that had divided people 783 00:14:47.189 --> 00:14:47.199 in the 1990s that had divided people 784 00:14:47.199 --> 00:14:49.670 in the 1990s that had divided people began to break down. The Berlin Wall 785 00:14:49.670 --> 00:14:49.680 began to break down. The Berlin Wall 786 00:14:49.680 --> 00:14:52.150 began to break down. The Berlin Wall fell, communism fell, the European 787 00:14:52.150 --> 00:14:52.160 fell, communism fell, the European 788 00:14:52.160 --> 00:14:54.389 fell, communism fell, the European unification came together, the Oslo 789 00:14:54.389 --> 00:14:54.399 unification came together, the Oslo 790 00:14:54.399 --> 00:14:55.590 unification came together, the Oslo peace process. We thought we were going 791 00:14:55.590 --> 00:14:55.600 peace process. We thought we were going 792 00:14:55.600 --> 00:14:57.829 peace process. We thought we were going to have peace in the Middle East. And I 793 00:14:57.829 --> 00:14:57.839 to have peace in the Middle East. And I 794 00:14:57.839 --> 00:14:59.269 to have peace in the Middle East. And I was a foreign correspondent for the Wall 795 00:14:59.269 --> 00:14:59.279 was a foreign correspondent for the Wall 796 00:14:59.279 --> 00:15:01.910 was a foreign correspondent for the Wall Street Journal in those days. And I saw 797 00:15:01.910 --> 00:15:01.920 Street Journal in those days. And I saw 798 00:15:01.920 --> 00:15:03.990 Street Journal in those days. And I saw this convergence coming together, 799 00:15:03.990 --> 00:15:04.000 this convergence coming together, 800 00:15:04.000 --> 00:15:06.150 this convergence coming together, opposites seemingly coming together. I 801 00:15:06.150 --> 00:15:06.160 opposites seemingly coming together. I 802 00:15:06.160 --> 00:15:09.189 opposites seemingly coming together. I saw it abroad. I was in Moscow on the 803 00:15:09.189 --> 00:15:09.199 saw it abroad. I was in Moscow on the 804 00:15:09.199 --> 00:15:12.310 saw it abroad. I was in Moscow on the day when uh the Soviet Union, what was 805 00:15:12.310 --> 00:15:12.320 day when uh the Soviet Union, what was 806 00:15:12.320 --> 00:15:14.550 day when uh the Soviet Union, what was left of it, tried to stage a coup and 807 00:15:14.550 --> 00:15:14.560 left of it, tried to stage a coup and 808 00:15:14.560 --> 00:15:15.910 left of it, tried to stage a coup and oust the democratically elected 809 00:15:15.910 --> 00:15:15.920 oust the democratically elected 810 00:15:15.920 --> 00:15:18.470 oust the democratically elected president of Russia, Boris Yelten. and 811 00:15:18.470 --> 00:15:18.480 president of Russia, Boris Yelten. and 812 00:15:18.480 --> 00:15:20.629 president of Russia, Boris Yelten. and tanks rolled to Russ his office, 813 00:15:20.629 --> 00:15:20.639 tanks rolled to Russ his office, 814 00:15:20.639 --> 00:15:23.269 tanks rolled to Russ his office, Yelton's office. I followed them. I went 815 00:15:23.269 --> 00:15:23.279 Yelton's office. I followed them. I went 816 00:15:23.279 --> 00:15:26.310 Yelton's office. I followed them. I went there and I met a woman who was handing 817 00:15:26.310 --> 00:15:26.320 there and I met a woman who was handing 818 00:15:26.320 --> 00:15:27.829 there and I met a woman who was handing out sandwiches to the Democratic 819 00:15:27.829 --> 00:15:27.839 out sandwiches to the Democratic 820 00:15:27.839 --> 00:15:31.189 out sandwiches to the Democratic protesters to defend Russian democracy. 821 00:15:31.189 --> 00:15:31.199 protesters to defend Russian democracy. 822 00:15:31.199 --> 00:15:33.350 protesters to defend Russian democracy. She was 93 years old. Her name was 823 00:15:33.350 --> 00:15:33.360 She was 93 years old. Her name was 824 00:15:33.360 --> 00:15:35.590 She was 93 years old. Her name was Valentina Kosva. 825 00:15:35.590 --> 00:15:35.600 Valentina Kosva. 826 00:15:35.600 --> 00:15:38.310 Valentina Kosva. And I asked her life story and she said, 827 00:15:38.310 --> 00:15:38.320 And I asked her life story and she said, 828 00:15:38.320 --> 00:15:39.910 And I asked her life story and she said, "Well, I grew up in the household of the 829 00:15:39.910 --> 00:15:39.920 "Well, I grew up in the household of the 830 00:15:39.920 --> 00:15:42.470 "Well, I grew up in the household of the Zar during the revolution, the civil war 831 00:15:42.470 --> 00:15:42.480 Zar during the revolution, the civil war 832 00:15:42.480 --> 00:15:43.350 Zar during the revolution, the civil war that happened right after the 833 00:15:43.350 --> 00:15:43.360 that happened right after the 834 00:15:43.360 --> 00:15:44.629 that happened right after the revolution. and I was lined up to be 835 00:15:44.629 --> 00:15:44.639 revolution. and I was lined up to be 836 00:15:44.639 --> 00:15:47.110 revolution. and I was lined up to be executed by the Reds and my mother 837 00:15:47.110 --> 00:15:47.120 executed by the Reds and my mother 838 00:15:47.120 --> 00:15:49.110 executed by the Reds and my mother begged them to let not kill me so she 839 00:15:49.110 --> 00:15:49.120 begged them to let not kill me so she 840 00:15:49.120 --> 00:15:51.590 begged them to let not kill me so she didn't. Then I got married and my 841 00:15:51.590 --> 00:15:51.600 didn't. Then I got married and my 842 00:15:51.600 --> 00:15:54.470 didn't. Then I got married and my husband in the 1930s was sent to the 843 00:15:54.470 --> 00:15:54.480 husband in the 1930s was sent to the 844 00:15:54.480 --> 00:15:57.350 husband in the 1930s was sent to the Gulog and I never saw him again. In the 845 00:15:57.350 --> 00:15:57.360 Gulog and I never saw him again. In the 846 00:15:57.360 --> 00:15:59.990 Gulog and I never saw him again. In the 1940s my two sons were killed in the 847 00:15:59.990 --> 00:16:00.000 1940s my two sons were killed in the 848 00:16:00.000 --> 00:16:02.470 1940s my two sons were killed in the battle of Stalenrad by the Nazis. In the 849 00:16:02.470 --> 00:16:02.480 battle of Stalenrad by the Nazis. In the 850 00:16:02.480 --> 00:16:05.910 battle of Stalenrad by the Nazis. In the 1950s my second husband was they raided 851 00:16:05.910 --> 00:16:05.920 1950s my second husband was they raided 852 00:16:05.920 --> 00:16:07.269 1950s my second husband was they raided our apartment one night. They grabbed 853 00:16:07.269 --> 00:16:07.279 our apartment one night. They grabbed 854 00:16:07.279 --> 00:16:08.949 our apartment one night. They grabbed him. They sent him to the Gulog. I never 855 00:16:08.949 --> 00:16:08.959 him. They sent him to the Gulog. I never 856 00:16:08.959 --> 00:16:11.829 him. They sent him to the Gulog. I never saw him again. In the 1960s, she was a 857 00:16:11.829 --> 00:16:11.839 saw him again. In the 1960s, she was a 858 00:16:11.839 --> 00:16:13.350 saw him again. In the 1960s, she was a member of the Calmic people, which is a 859 00:16:13.350 --> 00:16:13.360 member of the Calmic people, which is a 860 00:16:13.360 --> 00:16:15.189 member of the Calmic people, which is a Muslim community in Russia. She was sent 861 00:16:15.189 --> 00:16:15.199 Muslim community in Russia. She was sent 862 00:16:15.199 --> 00:16:18.470 Muslim community in Russia. She was sent into internal exile. So, every bad thing 863 00:16:18.470 --> 00:16:18.480 into internal exile. So, every bad thing 864 00:16:18.480 --> 00:16:20.230 into internal exile. So, every bad thing that happened in Soviet history happened 865 00:16:20.230 --> 00:16:20.240 that happened in Soviet history happened 866 00:16:20.240 --> 00:16:22.949 that happened in Soviet history happened to her. And my brilliant interviewing 867 00:16:22.949 --> 00:16:22.959 to her. And my brilliant interviewing 868 00:16:22.959 --> 00:16:25.269 to her. And my brilliant interviewing technique was the following. And then 869 00:16:25.269 --> 00:16:25.279 technique was the following. And then 870 00:16:25.279 --> 00:16:27.189 technique was the following. And then what happened? And then what happened? 871 00:16:27.189 --> 00:16:27.199 what happened? And then what happened? 872 00:16:27.199 --> 00:16:29.829 what happened? And then what happened? And then what happened? And it seemed 873 00:16:29.829 --> 00:16:29.839 And then what happened? And it seemed 874 00:16:29.839 --> 00:16:32.230 And then what happened? And it seemed like things were coming together. And it 875 00:16:32.230 --> 00:16:32.240 like things were coming together. And it 876 00:16:32.240 --> 00:16:34.790 like things were coming together. And it seems like things were coming together 877 00:16:34.790 --> 00:16:34.800 seems like things were coming together 878 00:16:34.800 --> 00:16:36.949 seems like things were coming together internationally. And it seemed like 879 00:16:36.949 --> 00:16:36.959 internationally. And it seemed like 880 00:16:36.959 --> 00:16:37.990 internationally. And it seemed like things were coming together 881 00:16:37.990 --> 00:16:38.000 things were coming together 882 00:16:38.000 --> 00:16:40.470 things were coming together domestically. The great cultural move 883 00:16:40.470 --> 00:16:40.480 domestically. The great cultural move 884 00:16:40.480 --> 00:16:41.910 domestically. The great cultural move domestically in the United States during 885 00:16:41.910 --> 00:16:41.920 domestically in the United States during 886 00:16:41.920 --> 00:16:45.269 domestically in the United States during the 1990s was an attempt to reconcile 887 00:16:45.269 --> 00:16:45.279 the 1990s was an attempt to reconcile 888 00:16:45.279 --> 00:16:47.829 the 1990s was an attempt to reconcile the Bohemian values of the 1960s with 889 00:16:47.829 --> 00:16:47.839 the Bohemian values of the 1960s with 890 00:16:47.839 --> 00:16:51.189 the Bohemian values of the 1960s with the bourgeoa values of the 1990s. 891 00:16:51.189 --> 00:16:51.199 the bourgeoa values of the 1990s. 892 00:16:51.199 --> 00:16:54.790 the bourgeoa values of the 1990s. And you could see it uh in shopping. 893 00:16:54.790 --> 00:16:54.800 And you could see it uh in shopping. 894 00:16:54.800 --> 00:16:57.030 And you could see it uh in shopping. We had the creation of the the New York 895 00:16:57.030 --> 00:16:57.040 We had the creation of the the New York 896 00:16:57.040 --> 00:16:59.910 We had the creation of the the New York Times wedding page and in the 1990s in 897 00:16:59.910 --> 00:16:59.920 Times wedding page and in the 1990s in 898 00:16:59.920 --> 00:17:01.829 Times wedding page and in the 1990s in the information age economy, education 899 00:17:01.829 --> 00:17:01.839 the information age economy, education 900 00:17:01.839 --> 00:17:04.150 the information age economy, education was rewarded with money. And if you 901 00:17:04.150 --> 00:17:04.160 was rewarded with money. And if you 902 00:17:04.160 --> 00:17:05.429 was rewarded with money. And if you looked in those years at the New York 903 00:17:05.429 --> 00:17:05.439 looked in those years at the New York 904 00:17:05.439 --> 00:17:06.549 looked in those years at the New York Times wedding page, the wedding 905 00:17:06.549 --> 00:17:06.559 Times wedding page, the wedding 906 00:17:06.559 --> 00:17:08.470 Times wedding page, the wedding announcements, people back then used to 907 00:17:08.470 --> 00:17:08.480 announcements, people back then used to 908 00:17:08.480 --> 00:17:10.150 announcements, people back then used to call it the mergers and acquisitions 909 00:17:10.150 --> 00:17:10.160 call it the mergers and acquisitions 910 00:17:10.160 --> 00:17:11.829 call it the mergers and acquisitions page. 911 00:17:11.829 --> 00:17:11.839 page. 912 00:17:11.839 --> 00:17:14.069 page. It was Princeton marries Yale, Goldman 913 00:17:14.069 --> 00:17:14.079 It was Princeton marries Yale, Goldman 914 00:17:14.079 --> 00:17:15.909 It was Princeton marries Yale, Goldman Sachs marries Scaden Arps, Fulbright 915 00:17:15.909 --> 00:17:15.919 Sachs marries Scaden Arps, Fulbright 916 00:17:15.919 --> 00:17:18.390 Sachs marries Scaden Arps, Fulbright marries roads, Sumakumloud marries 917 00:17:18.390 --> 00:17:18.400 marries roads, Sumakumloud marries 918 00:17:18.400 --> 00:17:20.630 marries roads, Sumakumloud marries another Sumakumloud. You would never see 919 00:17:20.630 --> 00:17:20.640 another Sumakumloud. You would never see 920 00:17:20.640 --> 00:17:22.470 another Sumakumloud. You would never see a Sumakumloud marry a Magnum Kablau 921 00:17:22.470 --> 00:17:22.480 a Sumakumloud marry a Magnum Kablau 922 00:17:22.480 --> 00:17:24.230 a Sumakumloud marry a Magnum Kablau because the tensions would be so great 923 00:17:24.230 --> 00:17:24.240 because the tensions would be so great 924 00:17:24.240 --> 00:17:27.029 because the tensions would be so great in that relationship. They and so, you 925 00:17:27.029 --> 00:17:27.039 in that relationship. They and so, you 926 00:17:27.039 --> 00:17:28.710 in that relationship. They and so, you know, they would all go reciting their 927 00:17:28.710 --> 00:17:28.720 know, they would all go reciting their 928 00:17:28.720 --> 00:17:31.029 know, they would all go reciting their vows while holding the the rubber ducky 929 00:17:31.029 --> 00:17:31.039 vows while holding the the rubber ducky 930 00:17:31.039 --> 00:17:32.230 vows while holding the the rubber ducky they had during their Supreme Court 931 00:17:32.230 --> 00:17:32.240 they had during their Supreme Court 932 00:17:32.240 --> 00:17:34.470 they had during their Supreme Court clerkship. It was the emergence of a new 933 00:17:34.470 --> 00:17:34.480 clerkship. It was the emergence of a new 934 00:17:34.480 --> 00:17:36.470 clerkship. It was the emergence of a new educated class. 935 00:17:36.470 --> 00:17:36.480 educated class. 936 00:17:36.480 --> 00:17:38.470 educated class. And they were people who had bohemian 937 00:17:38.470 --> 00:17:38.480 And they were people who had bohemian 938 00:17:38.480 --> 00:17:40.630 And they were people who had bohemian values, but they were upper middle class 939 00:17:40.630 --> 00:17:40.640 values, but they were upper middle class 940 00:17:40.640 --> 00:17:43.830 values, but they were upper middle class now. And so they wanted to show through 941 00:17:43.830 --> 00:17:43.840 now. And so they wanted to show through 942 00:17:43.840 --> 00:17:45.430 now. And so they wanted to show through their spending the same thing those 943 00:17:45.430 --> 00:17:45.440 their spending the same thing those 944 00:17:45.440 --> 00:17:47.110 their spending the same thing those hippies with the garbage can in the 60s 945 00:17:47.110 --> 00:17:47.120 hippies with the garbage can in the 60s 946 00:17:47.120 --> 00:17:48.789 hippies with the garbage can in the 60s wanted to show. I don't care about money 947 00:17:48.789 --> 00:17:48.799 wanted to show. I don't care about money 948 00:17:48.799 --> 00:17:50.870 wanted to show. I don't care about money and material things. I'm not shallow 949 00:17:50.870 --> 00:17:50.880 and material things. I'm not shallow 950 00:17:50.880 --> 00:17:53.510 and material things. I'm not shallow even though I make seven figures. And so 951 00:17:53.510 --> 00:17:53.520 even though I make seven figures. And so 952 00:17:53.520 --> 00:17:55.990 even though I make seven figures. And so they created Whole Foods for such people 953 00:17:55.990 --> 00:17:56.000 they created Whole Foods for such people 954 00:17:56.000 --> 00:17:59.110 they created Whole Foods for such people who um didn't want to buy avocado for 955 00:17:59.110 --> 00:17:59.120 who um didn't want to buy avocado for 956 00:17:59.120 --> 00:18:00.630 who um didn't want to buy avocado for from some a store that didn't take a 957 00:18:00.630 --> 00:18:00.640 from some a store that didn't take a 958 00:18:00.640 --> 00:18:02.950 from some a store that didn't take a stand on offshore oil drilling. 959 00:18:02.950 --> 00:18:02.960 stand on offshore oil drilling. 960 00:18:02.960 --> 00:18:04.789 stand on offshore oil drilling. They created Trader Joe's for such 961 00:18:04.789 --> 00:18:04.799 They created Trader Joe's for such 962 00:18:04.799 --> 00:18:06.950 They created Trader Joe's for such people where all the cashiers look like 963 00:18:06.950 --> 00:18:06.960 people where all the cashiers look like 964 00:18:06.960 --> 00:18:08.150 people where all the cashiers look like they're on loan from Amnesty 965 00:18:08.150 --> 00:18:08.160 they're on loan from Amnesty 966 00:18:08.160 --> 00:18:11.510 they're on loan from Amnesty International. Um, they solved the snack 967 00:18:11.510 --> 00:18:11.520 International. Um, they solved the snack 968 00:18:11.520 --> 00:18:13.909 International. Um, they solved the snack problem. Snacks are morally problematic 969 00:18:13.909 --> 00:18:13.919 problem. Snacks are morally problematic 970 00:18:13.919 --> 00:18:16.230 problem. Snacks are morally problematic because they can lead to obesity. So, at 971 00:18:16.230 --> 00:18:16.240 because they can lead to obesity. So, at 972 00:18:16.240 --> 00:18:18.470 because they can lead to obesity. So, at Trader Joe's, they sold snacks like 973 00:18:18.470 --> 00:18:18.480 Trader Joe's, they sold snacks like 974 00:18:18.480 --> 00:18:21.590 Trader Joe's, they sold snacks like veggie booty with kale for kids who come 975 00:18:21.590 --> 00:18:21.600 veggie booty with kale for kids who come 976 00:18:21.600 --> 00:18:23.270 veggie booty with kale for kids who come home and say, "Mom, mom, I want a snack 977 00:18:23.270 --> 00:18:23.280 home and say, "Mom, mom, I want a snack 978 00:18:23.280 --> 00:18:24.630 home and say, "Mom, mom, I want a snack that'll help prevent colon rectal 979 00:18:24.630 --> 00:18:24.640 that'll help prevent colon rectal 980 00:18:24.640 --> 00:18:27.990 that'll help prevent colon rectal cancer." So, they had 981 00:18:27.990 --> 00:18:28.000 cancer." So, they had 982 00:18:28.000 --> 00:18:30.630 cancer." So, they had and so there was a whole mode of Bobo 983 00:18:30.630 --> 00:18:30.640 and so there was a whole mode of Bobo 984 00:18:30.640 --> 00:18:31.750 and so there was a whole mode of Bobo consumption. And you could spend any 985 00:18:31.750 --> 00:18:31.760 consumption. And you could spend any 986 00:18:31.760 --> 00:18:33.510 consumption. And you could spend any amount of money on any room that was 987 00:18:33.510 --> 00:18:33.520 amount of money on any room that was 988 00:18:33.520 --> 00:18:36.230 amount of money on any room that was previously used by the servants. And so 989 00:18:36.230 --> 00:18:36.240 previously used by the servants. And so 990 00:18:36.240 --> 00:18:38.549 previously used by the servants. And so if you went into a bobo home, they had 991 00:18:38.549 --> 00:18:38.559 if you went into a bobo home, they had 992 00:18:38.559 --> 00:18:40.549 if you went into a bobo home, they had these things that look like nickelplated 993 00:18:40.549 --> 00:18:40.559 these things that look like nickelplated 994 00:18:40.559 --> 00:18:41.990 these things that look like nickelplated nuclear reactors, which were actually 995 00:18:41.990 --> 00:18:42.000 nuclear reactors, which were actually 996 00:18:42.000 --> 00:18:44.549 nuclear reactors, which were actually the auga stove. And then they had over 997 00:18:44.549 --> 00:18:44.559 the auga stove. And then they had over 998 00:18:44.559 --> 00:18:46.070 the auga stove. And then they had over here this refrigerator that was 999 00:18:46.070 --> 00:18:46.080 here this refrigerator that was 1000 00:18:46.080 --> 00:18:48.390 here this refrigerator that was apparently zero just isn't cold enough. 1001 00:18:48.390 --> 00:18:48.400 apparently zero just isn't cold enough. 1002 00:18:48.400 --> 00:18:50.150 apparently zero just isn't cold enough. So they had these sub-zero refrigerators 1003 00:18:50.150 --> 00:18:50.160 So they had these sub-zero refrigerators 1004 00:18:50.160 --> 00:18:51.990 So they had these sub-zero refrigerators that people went for. And it was a whole 1005 00:18:51.990 --> 00:18:52.000 that people went for. And it was a whole 1006 00:18:52.000 --> 00:18:55.510 that people went for. And it was a whole mode of consumption. And it seemed like 1007 00:18:55.510 --> 00:18:55.520 mode of consumption. And it seemed like 1008 00:18:55.520 --> 00:18:57.510 mode of consumption. And it seemed like this reconciliation between cultural 1009 00:18:57.510 --> 00:18:57.520 this reconciliation between cultural 1010 00:18:57.520 --> 00:19:00.549 this reconciliation between cultural opposites that the culture wars between 1011 00:19:00.549 --> 00:19:00.559 opposites that the culture wars between 1012 00:19:00.559 --> 00:19:03.190 opposites that the culture wars between the bajgeois forces of Jerry Fwell and 1013 00:19:03.190 --> 00:19:03.200 the bajgeois forces of Jerry Fwell and 1014 00:19:03.200 --> 00:19:06.150 the bajgeois forces of Jerry Fwell and the Bohemian forces of Abby Hoffman, it 1015 00:19:06.150 --> 00:19:06.160 the Bohemian forces of Abby Hoffman, it 1016 00:19:06.160 --> 00:19:08.390 the Bohemian forces of Abby Hoffman, it seemed like they were reconciled. 1017 00:19:08.390 --> 00:19:08.400 seemed like they were reconciled. 1018 00:19:08.400 --> 00:19:11.669 seemed like they were reconciled. We shift to the next decade, the 2000s. 1019 00:19:11.669 --> 00:19:11.679 We shift to the next decade, the 2000s. 1020 00:19:11.679 --> 00:19:14.070 We shift to the next decade, the 2000s. The 2000s produced a shocking loss of 1021 00:19:14.070 --> 00:19:14.080 The 2000s produced a shocking loss of 1022 00:19:14.080 --> 00:19:17.190 The 2000s produced a shocking loss of faith in this reconciliation. 1023 00:19:17.190 --> 00:19:17.200 faith in this reconciliation. 1024 00:19:17.200 --> 00:19:18.870 faith in this reconciliation. And so you had a loss of faith in a lot 1025 00:19:18.870 --> 00:19:18.880 And so you had a loss of faith in a lot 1026 00:19:18.880 --> 00:19:21.270 And so you had a loss of faith in a lot of things. 9/11, we lost faith in our 1027 00:19:21.270 --> 00:19:21.280 of things. 9/11, we lost faith in our 1028 00:19:21.280 --> 00:19:23.590 of things. 9/11, we lost faith in our own safety. The Iraq war. We lost faith 1029 00:19:23.590 --> 00:19:23.600 own safety. The Iraq war. We lost faith 1030 00:19:23.600 --> 00:19:26.150 own safety. The Iraq war. We lost faith in our ability to do good abroad. The 1031 00:19:26.150 --> 00:19:26.160 in our ability to do good abroad. The 1032 00:19:26.160 --> 00:19:27.669 in our ability to do good abroad. The financial crisis, we lost faith in 1033 00:19:27.669 --> 00:19:27.679 financial crisis, we lost faith in 1034 00:19:27.679 --> 00:19:30.230 financial crisis, we lost faith in unregulated capitalism. The internet and 1035 00:19:30.230 --> 00:19:30.240 unregulated capitalism. The internet and 1036 00:19:30.240 --> 00:19:31.750 unregulated capitalism. The internet and social media. We lost faith that we 1037 00:19:31.750 --> 00:19:31.760 social media. We lost faith that we 1038 00:19:31.760 --> 00:19:33.190 social media. We lost faith that we would all come together if we could only 1039 00:19:33.190 --> 00:19:33.200 would all come together if we could only 1040 00:19:33.200 --> 00:19:35.350 would all come together if we could only communicate with each other. Democracy 1041 00:19:35.350 --> 00:19:35.360 communicate with each other. Democracy 1042 00:19:35.360 --> 00:19:37.110 communicate with each other. Democracy stopped spreading around the world and 1043 00:19:37.110 --> 00:19:37.120 stopped spreading around the world and 1044 00:19:37.120 --> 00:19:40.070 stopped spreading around the world and began what is now a 26-year retreat. And 1045 00:19:40.070 --> 00:19:40.080 began what is now a 26-year retreat. And 1046 00:19:40.080 --> 00:19:42.549 began what is now a 26-year retreat. And a loss of social connection. And 1047 00:19:42.549 --> 00:19:42.559 a loss of social connection. And 1048 00:19:42.559 --> 00:19:46.310 a loss of social connection. And finally, a loss of moral knowledge. 1049 00:19:46.310 --> 00:19:46.320 finally, a loss of moral knowledge. 1050 00:19:46.320 --> 00:19:47.669 finally, a loss of moral knowledge. As if you've gone to my previous 1051 00:19:47.669 --> 00:19:47.679 As if you've gone to my previous 1052 00:19:47.679 --> 00:19:48.870 As if you've gone to my previous lectures, you know I love the phrase, 1053 00:19:48.870 --> 00:19:48.880 lectures, you know I love the phrase, 1054 00:19:48.880 --> 00:19:50.549 lectures, you know I love the phrase, "All of life is a series of daring 1055 00:19:50.549 --> 00:19:50.559 "All of life is a series of daring 1056 00:19:50.559 --> 00:19:53.270 "All of life is a series of daring explorations from a secure base." People 1057 00:19:53.270 --> 00:19:53.280 explorations from a secure base." People 1058 00:19:53.280 --> 00:19:55.590 explorations from a secure base." People need a secure base. They need a secure 1059 00:19:55.590 --> 00:19:55.600 need a secure base. They need a secure 1060 00:19:55.600 --> 00:19:57.990 need a secure base. They need a secure financial base, emotional base with 1061 00:19:57.990 --> 00:19:58.000 financial base, emotional base with 1062 00:19:58.000 --> 00:19:59.909 financial base, emotional base with their friends, but they also need a 1063 00:19:59.909 --> 00:19:59.919 their friends, but they also need a 1064 00:19:59.919 --> 00:20:02.789 their friends, but they also need a spiritual base. And for the last 30 or 1065 00:20:02.789 --> 00:20:02.799 spiritual base. And for the last 30 or 1066 00:20:02.799 --> 00:20:04.789 spiritual base. And for the last 30 or 40 years, we have told successive 1067 00:20:04.789 --> 00:20:04.799 40 years, we have told successive 1068 00:20:04.799 --> 00:20:06.630 40 years, we have told successive generations of young people, find your 1069 00:20:06.630 --> 00:20:06.640 generations of young people, find your 1070 00:20:06.640 --> 00:20:08.150 generations of young people, find your own truth, come up with your own 1071 00:20:08.150 --> 00:20:08.160 own truth, come up with your own 1072 00:20:08.160 --> 00:20:10.789 own truth, come up with your own morality. And if your name is not 1073 00:20:10.789 --> 00:20:10.799 morality. And if your name is not 1074 00:20:10.799 --> 00:20:14.470 morality. And if your name is not Aristotle, you can't do that. And so we 1075 00:20:14.470 --> 00:20:14.480 Aristotle, you can't do that. And so we 1076 00:20:14.480 --> 00:20:16.390 Aristotle, you can't do that. And so we left successive generations morally 1077 00:20:16.390 --> 00:20:16.400 left successive generations morally 1078 00:20:16.400 --> 00:20:18.870 left successive generations morally naked and alone without an unformed 1079 00:20:18.870 --> 00:20:18.880 naked and alone without an unformed 1080 00:20:18.880 --> 00:20:21.830 naked and alone without an unformed sense of what's my moral philosophy. Uh 1081 00:20:21.830 --> 00:20:21.840 sense of what's my moral philosophy. Uh 1082 00:20:21.840 --> 00:20:25.350 sense of what's my moral philosophy. Uh and we left no shared moral order. If 1083 00:20:25.350 --> 00:20:25.360 and we left no shared moral order. If 1084 00:20:25.360 --> 00:20:27.830 and we left no shared moral order. If I'm going to have trust in you, I have 1085 00:20:27.830 --> 00:20:27.840 I'm going to have trust in you, I have 1086 00:20:27.840 --> 00:20:30.070 I'm going to have trust in you, I have to have faith that you will do what you 1087 00:20:30.070 --> 00:20:30.080 to have faith that you will do what you 1088 00:20:30.080 --> 00:20:33.110 to have faith that you will do what you ought to do. And that faith is based on 1089 00:20:33.110 --> 00:20:33.120 ought to do. And that faith is based on 1090 00:20:33.120 --> 00:20:34.950 ought to do. And that faith is based on the idea that we agree on what we ought 1091 00:20:34.950 --> 00:20:34.960 the idea that we agree on what we ought 1092 00:20:34.960 --> 00:20:37.350 the idea that we agree on what we ought to do. And if we don't agree on what we 1093 00:20:37.350 --> 00:20:37.360 to do. And if we don't agree on what we 1094 00:20:37.360 --> 00:20:40.710 to do. And if we don't agree on what we ought to do, I can't trust you. And so I 1095 00:20:40.710 --> 00:20:40.720 ought to do, I can't trust you. And so I 1096 00:20:40.720 --> 00:20:42.549 ought to do, I can't trust you. And so I mentioned in the 1970s what they call 1097 00:20:42.549 --> 00:20:42.559 mentioned in the 1970s what they call 1098 00:20:42.559 --> 00:20:45.110 mentioned in the 1970s what they call institutional trust plummets. 1099 00:20:45.110 --> 00:20:45.120 institutional trust plummets. 1100 00:20:45.120 --> 00:20:48.070 institutional trust plummets. In the 2000s interpersonal trust 1101 00:20:48.070 --> 00:20:48.080 In the 2000s interpersonal trust 1102 00:20:48.080 --> 00:20:49.590 In the 2000s interpersonal trust plummets 1103 00:20:49.590 --> 00:20:49.600 plummets 1104 00:20:49.600 --> 00:20:51.029 plummets before then if you ask people do you 1105 00:20:51.029 --> 00:20:51.039 before then if you ask people do you 1106 00:20:51.039 --> 00:20:54.789 before then if you ask people do you trust your neighbor? 60% said yes. 1107 00:20:54.789 --> 00:20:54.799 trust your neighbor? 60% said yes. 1108 00:20:54.799 --> 00:20:58.630 trust your neighbor? 60% said yes. Today it's 30% and 19% of millennial. 1109 00:20:58.630 --> 00:20:58.640 Today it's 30% and 19% of millennial. 1110 00:20:58.640 --> 00:21:00.789 Today it's 30% and 19% of millennial. So there's been a loss of common faith a 1111 00:21:00.789 --> 00:21:00.799 So there's been a loss of common faith a 1112 00:21:00.799 --> 00:21:03.350 So there's been a loss of common faith a loss of common trust. 1113 00:21:03.350 --> 00:21:03.360 loss of common trust. 1114 00:21:03.360 --> 00:21:05.190 loss of common trust. And when you get that loss of trust you 1115 00:21:05.190 --> 00:21:05.200 And when you get that loss of trust you 1116 00:21:05.200 --> 00:21:07.830 And when you get that loss of trust you get surges of populism. 1117 00:21:07.830 --> 00:21:07.840 get surges of populism. 1118 00:21:07.840 --> 00:21:11.190 get surges of populism. Populism is a belief system for people 1119 00:21:11.190 --> 00:21:11.200 Populism is a belief system for people 1120 00:21:11.200 --> 00:21:13.830 Populism is a belief system for people who feel betrayed. 1121 00:21:13.830 --> 00:21:13.840 who feel betrayed. 1122 00:21:13.840 --> 00:21:16.230 who feel betrayed. Fanaticism is a response to existential 1123 00:21:16.230 --> 00:21:16.240 Fanaticism is a response to existential 1124 00:21:16.240 --> 00:21:18.470 Fanaticism is a response to existential anxiety. The existential anxiety of 1125 00:21:18.470 --> 00:21:18.480 anxiety. The existential anxiety of 1126 00:21:18.480 --> 00:21:20.310 anxiety. The existential anxiety of feeling in a world where you can't trust 1127 00:21:20.310 --> 00:21:20.320 feeling in a world where you can't trust 1128 00:21:20.320 --> 00:21:23.909 feeling in a world where you can't trust anybody else. Pew Research Center asked 1129 00:21:23.909 --> 00:21:23.919 anybody else. Pew Research Center asked 1130 00:21:23.919 --> 00:21:26.870 anybody else. Pew Research Center asked Gen Z and and Millennial, do you think 1131 00:21:26.870 --> 00:21:26.880 Gen Z and and Millennial, do you think 1132 00:21:26.880 --> 00:21:28.310 Gen Z and and Millennial, do you think most people are selfish enough to get 1133 00:21:28.310 --> 00:21:28.320 most people are selfish enough to get 1134 00:21:28.320 --> 00:21:30.870 most people are selfish enough to get you? And 72% of people in these 1135 00:21:30.870 --> 00:21:30.880 you? And 72% of people in these 1136 00:21:30.880 --> 00:21:32.950 you? And 72% of people in these generations agreed with that statement. 1137 00:21:32.950 --> 00:21:32.960 generations agreed with that statement. 1138 00:21:32.960 --> 00:21:35.990 generations agreed with that statement. That is the definition of high distrust. 1139 00:21:35.990 --> 00:21:36.000 That is the definition of high distrust. 1140 00:21:36.000 --> 00:21:38.149 That is the definition of high distrust. And a lot of that loss of faith was a 1141 00:21:38.149 --> 00:21:38.159 And a lot of that loss of faith was a 1142 00:21:38.159 --> 00:21:40.789 And a lot of that loss of faith was a loss of faith in us. And I'm speaking as 1143 00:21:40.789 --> 00:21:40.799 loss of faith in us. And I'm speaking as 1144 00:21:40.799 --> 00:21:43.750 loss of faith in us. And I'm speaking as a member of the educated class that we 1145 00:21:43.750 --> 00:21:43.760 a member of the educated class that we 1146 00:21:43.760 --> 00:21:45.750 a member of the educated class that we they lost faith not only in each other, 1147 00:21:45.750 --> 00:21:45.760 they lost faith not only in each other, 1148 00:21:45.760 --> 00:21:49.110 they lost faith not only in each other, they lost faith in us, in the leaders of 1149 00:21:49.110 --> 00:21:49.120 they lost faith in us, in the leaders of 1150 00:21:49.120 --> 00:21:51.669 they lost faith in us, in the leaders of society. And partly because they'd seen 1151 00:21:51.669 --> 00:21:51.679 society. And partly because they'd seen 1152 00:21:51.679 --> 00:21:53.029 society. And partly because they'd seen what happened in the 2000, they said, 1153 00:21:53.029 --> 00:21:53.039 what happened in the 2000, they said, 1154 00:21:53.039 --> 00:21:55.830 what happened in the 2000, they said, "Are you guys running this country?" 1155 00:21:55.830 --> 00:21:55.840 "Are you guys running this country?" 1156 00:21:55.840 --> 00:21:58.230 "Are you guys running this country?" And secondly, they saw the social chasm 1157 00:21:58.230 --> 00:21:58.240 And secondly, they saw the social chasm 1158 00:21:58.240 --> 00:22:01.830 And secondly, they saw the social chasm that had opened up caused by systems of 1159 00:22:01.830 --> 00:22:01.840 that had opened up caused by systems of 1160 00:22:01.840 --> 00:22:04.549 that had opened up caused by systems of the meritocracy that by age three, 1161 00:22:04.549 --> 00:22:04.559 the meritocracy that by age three, 1162 00:22:04.559 --> 00:22:06.630 the meritocracy that by age three, affluent parents are are twice as likely 1163 00:22:06.630 --> 00:22:06.640 affluent parents are are twice as likely 1164 00:22:06.640 --> 00:22:09.669 affluent parents are are twice as likely to send kids to preschool than less 1165 00:22:09.669 --> 00:22:09.679 to send kids to preschool than less 1166 00:22:09.679 --> 00:22:12.149 to send kids to preschool than less affluent. By sixth grade, they're four 1167 00:22:12.149 --> 00:22:12.159 affluent. By sixth grade, they're four 1168 00:22:12.159 --> 00:22:17.270 affluent. By sixth grade, they're four grades levels ahead. Uh by uh by 18, a 1169 00:22:17.270 --> 00:22:17.280 grades levels ahead. Uh by uh by 18, a 1170 00:22:17.280 --> 00:22:20.710 grades levels ahead. Uh by uh by 18, a kid in the top 20% of earners is one in 1171 00:22:20.710 --> 00:22:20.720 kid in the top 20% of earners is one in 1172 00:22:20.720 --> 00:22:22.789 kid in the top 20% of earners is one in five chance of scoring over 1400 on the 1173 00:22:22.789 --> 00:22:22.799 five chance of scoring over 1400 on the 1174 00:22:22.799 --> 00:22:25.029 five chance of scoring over 1400 on the SAT. A kid in the bottom of earners have 1175 00:22:25.029 --> 00:22:25.039 SAT. A kid in the bottom of earners have 1176 00:22:25.039 --> 00:22:27.750 SAT. A kid in the bottom of earners have a one in 50 chance. That produced a 1177 00:22:27.750 --> 00:22:27.760 a one in 50 chance. That produced a 1178 00:22:27.760 --> 00:22:30.390 a one in 50 chance. That produced a chasm that we see today. People with 1179 00:22:30.390 --> 00:22:30.400 chasm that we see today. People with 1180 00:22:30.400 --> 00:22:31.909 chasm that we see today. People with high school degrees die 10 years sooner 1181 00:22:31.909 --> 00:22:31.919 high school degrees die 10 years sooner 1182 00:22:31.919 --> 00:22:33.669 high school degrees die 10 years sooner than people with college degrees. Five 1183 00:22:33.669 --> 00:22:33.679 than people with college degrees. Five 1184 00:22:33.679 --> 00:22:35.110 than people with college degrees. Five times more likely to have children out 1185 00:22:35.110 --> 00:22:35.120 times more likely to have children out 1186 00:22:35.120 --> 00:22:37.190 times more likely to have children out of wedlock, six times more likely to die 1187 00:22:37.190 --> 00:22:37.200 of wedlock, six times more likely to die 1188 00:22:37.200 --> 00:22:39.510 of wedlock, six times more likely to die of opioid addictions, 2.4 times more 1189 00:22:39.510 --> 00:22:39.520 of opioid addictions, 2.4 times more 1190 00:22:39.520 --> 00:22:41.909 of opioid addictions, 2.4 times more likely to say they have no friends. And 1191 00:22:41.909 --> 00:22:41.919 likely to say they have no friends. And 1192 00:22:41.919 --> 00:22:44.310 likely to say they have no friends. And so it was a loss of faith in each other, 1193 00:22:44.310 --> 00:22:44.320 so it was a loss of faith in each other, 1194 00:22:44.320 --> 00:22:46.390 so it was a loss of faith in each other, a loss of faith in the leadership of 1195 00:22:46.390 --> 00:22:46.400 a loss of faith in the leadership of 1196 00:22:46.400 --> 00:22:49.510 a loss of faith in the leadership of society, a loss of faith in ourselves, 1197 00:22:49.510 --> 00:22:49.520 society, a loss of faith in ourselves, 1198 00:22:49.520 --> 00:22:50.950 society, a loss of faith in ourselves, which led to the sadness, the 1199 00:22:50.950 --> 00:22:50.960 which led to the sadness, the 1200 00:22:50.960 --> 00:22:53.510 which led to the sadness, the depression. 45% of high school students 1201 00:22:53.510 --> 00:22:53.520 depression. 45% of high school students 1202 00:22:53.520 --> 00:22:55.110 depression. 45% of high school students now say they're persistently hopeless 1203 00:22:55.110 --> 00:22:55.120 now say they're persistently hopeless 1204 00:22:55.120 --> 00:22:57.830 now say they're persistently hopeless and despondent. And then a loss of faith 1205 00:22:57.830 --> 00:22:57.840 and despondent. And then a loss of faith 1206 00:22:57.840 --> 00:22:59.830 and despondent. And then a loss of faith in the future. 1207 00:22:59.830 --> 00:22:59.840 in the future. 1208 00:22:59.840 --> 00:23:02.630 in the future. A loss of faith in our future. Ipsos 1209 00:23:02.630 --> 00:23:02.640 A loss of faith in our future. Ipsos 1210 00:23:02.640 --> 00:23:04.549 A loss of faith in our future. Ipsos asked Americans, "Do you think America's 1211 00:23:04.549 --> 00:23:04.559 asked Americans, "Do you think America's 1212 00:23:04.559 --> 00:23:07.270 asked Americans, "Do you think America's in decline?" 59% of Americans say 1213 00:23:07.270 --> 00:23:07.280 in decline?" 59% of Americans say 1214 00:23:07.280 --> 00:23:08.789 in decline?" 59% of Americans say America's in decline. They asked young 1215 00:23:08.789 --> 00:23:08.799 America's in decline. They asked young 1216 00:23:08.799 --> 00:23:10.630 America's in decline. They asked young people, "Do you think America's headed 1217 00:23:10.630 --> 00:23:10.640 people, "Do you think America's headed 1218 00:23:10.640 --> 00:23:13.029 people, "Do you think America's headed in the wrong direction?" Only 13% of 1219 00:23:13.029 --> 00:23:13.039 in the wrong direction?" Only 13% of 1220 00:23:13.039 --> 00:23:14.549 in the wrong direction?" Only 13% of young people say America's headed in the 1221 00:23:14.549 --> 00:23:14.559 young people say America's headed in the 1222 00:23:14.559 --> 00:23:16.870 young people say America's headed in the right direction. Gallup asked people, 1223 00:23:16.870 --> 00:23:16.880 right direction. Gallup asked people, 1224 00:23:16.880 --> 00:23:18.390 right direction. Gallup asked people, "Do you tr do you believe in the 1225 00:23:18.390 --> 00:23:18.400 "Do you tr do you believe in the 1226 00:23:18.400 --> 00:23:20.149 "Do you tr do you believe in the American dream?" 1227 00:23:20.149 --> 00:23:20.159 American dream?" 1228 00:23:20.159 --> 00:23:22.789 American dream?" 69% of Americans said they didn't 1229 00:23:22.789 --> 00:23:22.799 69% of Americans said they didn't 1230 00:23:22.799 --> 00:23:24.789 69% of Americans said they didn't believe in the American dream. That is 1231 00:23:24.789 --> 00:23:24.799 believe in the American dream. That is 1232 00:23:24.799 --> 00:23:27.190 believe in the American dream. That is an exoset missile designed aimed 1233 00:23:27.190 --> 00:23:27.200 an exoset missile designed aimed 1234 00:23:27.200 --> 00:23:29.590 an exoset missile designed aimed directly at our common life together 1235 00:23:29.590 --> 00:23:29.600 directly at our common life together 1236 00:23:29.600 --> 00:23:31.270 directly at our common life together because we are a very diverse society 1237 00:23:31.270 --> 00:23:31.280 because we are a very diverse society 1238 00:23:31.280 --> 00:23:32.950 because we are a very diverse society held together by a faith in the American 1239 00:23:32.950 --> 00:23:32.960 held together by a faith in the American 1240 00:23:32.960 --> 00:23:35.190 held together by a faith in the American dream. And when that faith goes, we 1241 00:23:35.190 --> 00:23:35.200 dream. And when that faith goes, we 1242 00:23:35.200 --> 00:23:36.950 dream. And when that faith goes, we fracture. 1243 00:23:36.950 --> 00:23:36.960 fracture. 1244 00:23:36.960 --> 00:23:40.390 fracture. And so there's this rise of pessimism 1245 00:23:40.390 --> 00:23:40.400 And so there's this rise of pessimism 1246 00:23:40.400 --> 00:23:44.710 And so there's this rise of pessimism uh this sense of humiliation. 1247 00:23:44.710 --> 00:23:44.720 uh this sense of humiliation. 1248 00:23:44.720 --> 00:23:47.029 uh this sense of humiliation. Humiliation 1249 00:23:47.029 --> 00:23:47.039 Humiliation 1250 00:23:47.039 --> 00:23:48.870 Humiliation is felt when people feel they are not 1251 00:23:48.870 --> 00:23:48.880 is felt when people feel they are not 1252 00:23:48.880 --> 00:23:50.549 is felt when people feel they are not granted equal standing they think they 1253 00:23:50.549 --> 00:23:50.559 granted equal standing they think they 1254 00:23:50.559 --> 00:23:52.070 granted equal standing they think they deserve. 1255 00:23:52.070 --> 00:23:52.080 deserve. 1256 00:23:52.080 --> 00:23:54.310 deserve. Humiliation is when people feel they've 1257 00:23:54.310 --> 00:23:54.320 Humiliation is when people feel they've 1258 00:23:54.320 --> 00:23:56.710 Humiliation is when people feel they've denied been denied human dignity. 1259 00:23:56.710 --> 00:23:56.720 denied been denied human dignity. 1260 00:23:56.720 --> 00:23:58.390 denied been denied human dignity. Humiliation is when they've been denied 1261 00:23:58.390 --> 00:23:58.400 Humiliation is when they've been denied 1262 00:23:58.400 --> 00:24:00.710 Humiliation is when they've been denied something like a homeland they think is 1263 00:24:00.710 --> 00:24:00.720 something like a homeland they think is 1264 00:24:00.720 --> 00:24:02.549 something like a homeland they think is their right. 1265 00:24:02.549 --> 00:24:02.559 their right. 1266 00:24:02.559 --> 00:24:04.310 their right. And so in the crisis of faith of the 1267 00:24:04.310 --> 00:24:04.320 And so in the crisis of faith of the 1268 00:24:04.320 --> 00:24:07.190 And so in the crisis of faith of the 2000, it was magnified. 1269 00:24:07.190 --> 00:24:07.200 2000, it was magnified. 1270 00:24:07.200 --> 00:24:09.909 2000, it was magnified. And so we get to a point today 1271 00:24:09.909 --> 00:24:09.919 And so we get to a point today 1272 00:24:09.919 --> 00:24:12.950 And so we get to a point today where a lot of people feel humiliated. 1273 00:24:12.950 --> 00:24:12.960 where a lot of people feel humiliated. 1274 00:24:12.960 --> 00:24:14.390 where a lot of people feel humiliated. And if there's one thing we know from 1275 00:24:14.390 --> 00:24:14.400 And if there's one thing we know from 1276 00:24:14.400 --> 00:24:16.950 And if there's one thing we know from history, it's how powerful humiliation 1277 00:24:16.950 --> 00:24:16.960 history, it's how powerful humiliation 1278 00:24:16.960 --> 00:24:19.510 history, it's how powerful humiliation is in driving world events. 1279 00:24:19.510 --> 00:24:19.520 is in driving world events. 1280 00:24:19.520 --> 00:24:21.269 is in driving world events. The Germans felt humiliated after World 1281 00:24:21.269 --> 00:24:21.279 The Germans felt humiliated after World 1282 00:24:21.279 --> 00:24:24.149 The Germans felt humiliated after World War I. The Arab nations felt humiliated 1283 00:24:24.149 --> 00:24:24.159 War I. The Arab nations felt humiliated 1284 00:24:24.159 --> 00:24:26.950 War I. The Arab nations felt humiliated after the Six-Day War. Bin Laden felt 1285 00:24:26.950 --> 00:24:26.960 after the Six-Day War. Bin Laden felt 1286 00:24:26.960 --> 00:24:28.710 after the Six-Day War. Bin Laden felt humiliated by American bases on his 1287 00:24:28.710 --> 00:24:28.720 humiliated by American bases on his 1288 00:24:28.720 --> 00:24:30.310 humiliated by American bases on his homeland. 1289 00:24:30.310 --> 00:24:30.320 homeland. 1290 00:24:30.320 --> 00:24:32.149 homeland. Russia felt humiliated after the Cold 1291 00:24:32.149 --> 00:24:32.159 Russia felt humiliated after the Cold 1292 00:24:32.159 --> 00:24:33.590 Russia felt humiliated after the Cold War. 1293 00:24:33.590 --> 00:24:33.600 War. 1294 00:24:33.600 --> 00:24:36.230 War. The China scholar William Callahan 1295 00:24:36.230 --> 00:24:36.240 The China scholar William Callahan 1296 00:24:36.240 --> 00:24:38.149 The China scholar William Callahan writes, "The master narrative of modern 1297 00:24:38.149 --> 00:24:38.159 writes, "The master narrative of modern 1298 00:24:38.159 --> 00:24:40.070 writes, "The master narrative of modern Chinese history is the discourse of the 1299 00:24:40.070 --> 00:24:40.080 Chinese history is the discourse of the 1300 00:24:40.080 --> 00:24:43.830 Chinese history is the discourse of the century of national humiliation." 1301 00:24:43.830 --> 00:24:43.840 century of national humiliation." 1302 00:24:43.840 --> 00:24:46.390 century of national humiliation." And domestically today in our current 1303 00:24:46.390 --> 00:24:46.400 And domestically today in our current 1304 00:24:46.400 --> 00:24:48.149 And domestically today in our current culture, and I'm talking about today, 1305 00:24:48.149 --> 00:24:48.159 culture, and I'm talking about today, 1306 00:24:48.159 --> 00:24:51.110 culture, and I'm talking about today, from 2013 to today, a lot of people have 1307 00:24:51.110 --> 00:24:51.120 from 2013 to today, a lot of people have 1308 00:24:51.120 --> 00:24:53.750 from 2013 to today, a lot of people have felt humiliated. Less educated people, 1309 00:24:53.750 --> 00:24:53.760 felt humiliated. Less educated people, 1310 00:24:53.760 --> 00:24:55.269 felt humiliated. Less educated people, rural people, religiously orthodox 1311 00:24:55.269 --> 00:24:55.279 rural people, religiously orthodox 1312 00:24:55.279 --> 00:24:56.549 rural people, religiously orthodox people, oppressed minority groups, 1313 00:24:56.549 --> 00:24:56.559 people, oppressed minority groups, 1314 00:24:56.559 --> 00:24:58.470 people, oppressed minority groups, oppressed gender identity groups, 1315 00:24:58.470 --> 00:24:58.480 oppressed gender identity groups, 1316 00:24:58.480 --> 00:25:00.870 oppressed gender identity groups, struggling young people. And what 1317 00:25:00.870 --> 00:25:00.880 struggling young people. And what 1318 00:25:00.880 --> 00:25:02.390 struggling young people. And what happens, I'm doing a fantastic job of 1319 00:25:02.390 --> 00:25:02.400 happens, I'm doing a fantastic job of 1320 00:25:02.400 --> 00:25:03.669 happens, I'm doing a fantastic job of showing you how things are getting 1321 00:25:03.669 --> 00:25:03.679 showing you how things are getting 1322 00:25:03.679 --> 00:25:06.549 showing you how things are getting better, right? Um, 1323 00:25:06.549 --> 00:25:06.559 better, right? Um, 1324 00:25:06.559 --> 00:25:08.470 better, right? Um, what happens is that I'm just trying to 1325 00:25:08.470 --> 00:25:08.480 what happens is that I'm just trying to 1326 00:25:08.480 --> 00:25:09.909 what happens is that I'm just trying to describe the problem before I make the 1327 00:25:09.909 --> 00:25:09.919 describe the problem before I make the 1328 00:25:09.919 --> 00:25:12.950 describe the problem before I make the U-turn. 1329 00:25:12.960 --> 00:25:15.110 Inner pain 1330 00:25:15.120 --> 00:25:18.630 Inner pain turns to outer hostility. 1331 00:25:18.630 --> 00:25:18.640 turns to outer hostility. 1332 00:25:18.640 --> 00:25:20.549 turns to outer hostility. Humil humiliation, which is a form of 1333 00:25:20.549 --> 00:25:20.559 Humil humiliation, which is a form of 1334 00:25:20.559 --> 00:25:25.590 Humil humiliation, which is a form of inner pain, turns into resentment. 1335 00:25:25.600 --> 00:25:27.909 Resentment begins with a feeling of 1336 00:25:27.919 --> 00:25:30.789 Resentment begins with a feeling of impotence. I can't control my own life. 1337 00:25:30.789 --> 00:25:30.799 impotence. I can't control my own life. 1338 00:25:30.799 --> 00:25:33.029 impotence. I can't control my own life. The system is running me. I'm not 1339 00:25:33.029 --> 00:25:33.039 The system is running me. I'm not 1340 00:25:33.039 --> 00:25:35.269 The system is running me. I'm not running the system. Someone has 1341 00:25:35.269 --> 00:25:35.279 running the system. Someone has 1342 00:25:35.279 --> 00:25:36.470 running the system. Someone has something I want. Someone has 1343 00:25:36.470 --> 00:25:36.480 something I want. Someone has 1344 00:25:36.480 --> 00:25:38.470 something I want. Someone has demonstrated a superiority I cannot 1345 00:25:38.470 --> 00:25:38.480 demonstrated a superiority I cannot 1346 00:25:38.480 --> 00:25:41.269 demonstrated a superiority I cannot match. I feel a shortage of agency and 1347 00:25:41.269 --> 00:25:41.279 match. I feel a shortage of agency and 1348 00:25:41.279 --> 00:25:43.430 match. I feel a shortage of agency and control. I feel unseen. 1349 00:25:43.430 --> 00:25:43.440 control. I feel unseen. 1350 00:25:43.440 --> 00:25:46.230 control. I feel unseen. Resentment is about social standing. 1351 00:25:46.230 --> 00:25:46.240 Resentment is about social standing. 1352 00:25:46.240 --> 00:25:48.390 Resentment is about social standing. Someone makes you feel inferior to them. 1353 00:25:48.390 --> 00:25:48.400 Someone makes you feel inferior to them. 1354 00:25:48.400 --> 00:25:49.909 Someone makes you feel inferior to them. It doesn't offer you the recognition and 1355 00:25:49.909 --> 00:25:49.919 It doesn't offer you the recognition and 1356 00:25:49.919 --> 00:25:51.430 It doesn't offer you the recognition and the respect that you deserve as a human 1357 00:25:51.430 --> 00:25:51.440 the respect that you deserve as a human 1358 00:25:51.440 --> 00:25:53.669 the respect that you deserve as a human being. Those people don't even know I'm 1359 00:25:53.669 --> 00:25:53.679 being. Those people don't even know I'm 1360 00:25:53.679 --> 00:25:56.070 being. Those people don't even know I'm here. I go to the Midwest a lot and it 1361 00:25:56.070 --> 00:25:56.080 here. I go to the Midwest a lot and it 1362 00:25:56.080 --> 00:25:58.149 here. I go to the Midwest a lot and it used to be once a day somebody would 1363 00:25:58.149 --> 00:25:58.159 used to be once a day somebody would 1364 00:25:58.159 --> 00:25:59.590 used to be once a day somebody would say, "You guys think we're just fly over 1365 00:25:59.590 --> 00:25:59.600 say, "You guys think we're just fly over 1366 00:25:59.600 --> 00:26:01.830 say, "You guys think we're just fly over country." Now when I go to the Midwest, 1367 00:26:01.830 --> 00:26:01.840 country." Now when I go to the Midwest, 1368 00:26:01.840 --> 00:26:04.870 country." Now when I go to the Midwest, I hear that seven or eight times a day, 1369 00:26:04.870 --> 00:26:04.880 I hear that seven or eight times a day, 1370 00:26:04.880 --> 00:26:07.830 I hear that seven or eight times a day, people who feel unseen. 1371 00:26:07.830 --> 00:26:07.840 people who feel unseen. 1372 00:26:07.840 --> 00:26:10.710 people who feel unseen. And so democratic capitalism, it turns 1373 00:26:10.710 --> 00:26:10.720 And so democratic capitalism, it turns 1374 00:26:10.720 --> 00:26:12.230 And so democratic capitalism, it turns out, according to a German philosopher 1375 00:26:12.230 --> 00:26:12.240 out, according to a German philosopher 1376 00:26:12.240 --> 00:26:14.870 out, according to a German philosopher of the early 20th century, Max Sheller, 1377 00:26:14.870 --> 00:26:14.880 of the early 20th century, Max Sheller, 1378 00:26:14.880 --> 00:26:16.549 of the early 20th century, Max Sheller, is the perfect breeding ground for 1379 00:26:16.549 --> 00:26:16.559 is the perfect breeding ground for 1380 00:26:16.559 --> 00:26:19.909 is the perfect breeding ground for resentment. People in cast societies 1381 00:26:19.909 --> 00:26:19.919 resentment. People in cast societies 1382 00:26:19.919 --> 00:26:21.590 resentment. People in cast societies don't feel resentment because they don't 1383 00:26:21.590 --> 00:26:21.600 don't feel resentment because they don't 1384 00:26:21.600 --> 00:26:24.149 don't feel resentment because they don't think they deserve to be at the top. 1385 00:26:24.149 --> 00:26:24.159 think they deserve to be at the top. 1386 00:26:24.159 --> 00:26:26.390 think they deserve to be at the top. In democratic societies, we all feel we 1387 00:26:26.390 --> 00:26:26.400 In democratic societies, we all feel we 1388 00:26:26.400 --> 00:26:28.870 In democratic societies, we all feel we deserve equal dignity. And when you 1389 00:26:28.870 --> 00:26:28.880 deserve equal dignity. And when you 1390 00:26:28.880 --> 00:26:31.350 deserve equal dignity. And when you produce a society that advocates for 1391 00:26:31.350 --> 00:26:31.360 produce a society that advocates for 1392 00:26:31.360 --> 00:26:35.110 produce a society that advocates for equality but produces inequality, 1393 00:26:35.110 --> 00:26:35.120 equality but produces inequality, 1394 00:26:35.120 --> 00:26:37.430 equality but produces inequality, you get resentment because people have 1395 00:26:37.430 --> 00:26:37.440 you get resentment because people have 1396 00:26:37.440 --> 00:26:39.269 you get resentment because people have not been given the equal dignity that 1397 00:26:39.269 --> 00:26:39.279 not been given the equal dignity that 1398 00:26:39.279 --> 00:26:41.029 not been given the equal dignity that the system and our culture says they 1399 00:26:41.029 --> 00:26:41.039 the system and our culture says they 1400 00:26:41.039 --> 00:26:42.710 the system and our culture says they deserve. 1401 00:26:42.710 --> 00:26:42.720 deserve. 1402 00:26:42.720 --> 00:26:47.029 deserve. And so a resentful person uh uh 1403 00:26:47.029 --> 00:26:47.039 And so a resentful person uh uh 1404 00:26:47.039 --> 00:26:49.269 And so a resentful person uh uh fermentss. 1405 00:26:49.269 --> 00:26:49.279 fermentss. 1406 00:26:49.279 --> 00:26:51.190 fermentss. When you feel resentment, it's often 1407 00:26:51.190 --> 00:26:51.200 When you feel resentment, it's often 1408 00:26:51.200 --> 00:26:52.870 When you feel resentment, it's often against somebody who's your social or 1409 00:26:52.870 --> 00:26:52.880 against somebody who's your social or 1410 00:26:52.880 --> 00:26:54.870 against somebody who's your social or status superior. 1411 00:26:54.870 --> 00:26:54.880 status superior. 1412 00:26:54.880 --> 00:26:56.230 status superior. And often you can't express your 1413 00:26:56.230 --> 00:26:56.240 And often you can't express your 1414 00:26:56.240 --> 00:26:57.430 And often you can't express your resentment because you need them. 1415 00:26:57.430 --> 00:26:57.440 resentment because you need them. 1416 00:26:57.440 --> 00:26:59.269 resentment because you need them. They're powerful. They're the boss. So 1417 00:26:59.269 --> 00:26:59.279 They're powerful. They're the boss. So 1418 00:26:59.279 --> 00:27:02.230 They're powerful. They're the boss. So it bottles up and fermentss. And Sheller 1419 00:27:02.230 --> 00:27:02.240 it bottles up and fermentss. And Sheller 1420 00:27:02.240 --> 00:27:04.070 it bottles up and fermentss. And Sheller says the way it fermentss is pretty 1421 00:27:04.070 --> 00:27:04.080 says the way it fermentss is pretty 1422 00:27:04.080 --> 00:27:07.029 says the way it fermentss is pretty consistent across centuries. 1423 00:27:07.029 --> 00:27:07.039 consistent across centuries. 1424 00:27:07.039 --> 00:27:10.549 consistent across centuries. Resentful people feel uh they devalue 1425 00:27:10.549 --> 00:27:10.559 Resentful people feel uh they devalue 1426 00:27:10.559 --> 00:27:13.430 Resentful people feel uh they devalue the things they feel they lack. the 1427 00:27:13.430 --> 00:27:13.440 the things they feel they lack. the 1428 00:27:13.440 --> 00:27:16.390 the things they feel they lack. the things they can't get access to, whether 1429 00:27:16.390 --> 00:27:16.400 things they can't get access to, whether 1430 00:27:16.400 --> 00:27:19.669 things they can't get access to, whether it's education, fame, success, virtue, 1431 00:27:19.669 --> 00:27:19.679 it's education, fame, success, virtue, 1432 00:27:19.679 --> 00:27:21.350 it's education, fame, success, virtue, they say, "Oh, those things aren't worth 1433 00:27:21.350 --> 00:27:21.360 they say, "Oh, those things aren't worth 1434 00:27:21.360 --> 00:27:23.909 they say, "Oh, those things aren't worth worth getting anyway." They develop a 1435 00:27:23.909 --> 00:27:23.919 worth getting anyway." They develop a 1436 00:27:23.919 --> 00:27:27.669 worth getting anyway." They develop a classic sour grapes response. 1437 00:27:27.669 --> 00:27:27.679 classic sour grapes response. 1438 00:27:27.679 --> 00:27:29.990 classic sour grapes response. And so what Sheller says is resentment 1439 00:27:29.990 --> 00:27:30.000 And so what Sheller says is resentment 1440 00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:33.510 And so what Sheller says is resentment creates a spiritual contraction. People 1441 00:27:33.510 --> 00:27:33.520 creates a spiritual contraction. People 1442 00:27:33.520 --> 00:27:35.510 creates a spiritual contraction. People begin to think those things, the loftier 1443 00:27:35.510 --> 00:27:35.520 begin to think those things, the loftier 1444 00:27:35.520 --> 00:27:38.470 begin to think those things, the loftier registers of human life, the things they 1445 00:27:38.470 --> 00:27:38.480 registers of human life, the things they 1446 00:27:38.480 --> 00:27:40.950 registers of human life, the things they can't feel they have access to, they 1447 00:27:40.950 --> 00:27:40.960 can't feel they have access to, they 1448 00:27:40.960 --> 00:27:44.549 can't feel they have access to, they begin to just cut those off. They said 1449 00:27:44.549 --> 00:27:44.559 begin to just cut those off. They said 1450 00:27:44.559 --> 00:27:47.350 begin to just cut those off. They said those things are not important. 1451 00:27:47.350 --> 00:27:47.360 those things are not important. 1452 00:27:47.360 --> 00:27:50.230 those things are not important. We all sort of know that some we all 1453 00:27:50.230 --> 00:27:50.240 We all sort of know that some we all 1454 00:27:50.240 --> 00:27:51.669 We all sort of know that some we all want a lot of things. We all sort of 1455 00:27:51.669 --> 00:27:51.679 want a lot of things. We all sort of 1456 00:27:51.679 --> 00:27:53.750 want a lot of things. We all sort of have an instinctive sense that some 1457 00:27:53.750 --> 00:27:53.760 have an instinctive sense that some 1458 00:27:53.760 --> 00:27:55.510 have an instinctive sense that some things are higher and nobler than other 1459 00:27:55.510 --> 00:27:55.520 things are higher and nobler than other 1460 00:27:55.520 --> 00:27:59.669 things are higher and nobler than other things. that sensual pleasures are good, 1461 00:27:59.669 --> 00:27:59.679 things. that sensual pleasures are good, 1462 00:27:59.679 --> 00:28:03.190 things. that sensual pleasures are good, but they're probably not as valuable as 1463 00:28:03.190 --> 00:28:03.200 but they're probably not as valuable as 1464 00:28:03.200 --> 00:28:06.710 but they're probably not as valuable as career success. Career success is good, 1465 00:28:06.710 --> 00:28:06.720 career success. Career success is good, 1466 00:28:06.720 --> 00:28:08.149 career success. Career success is good, but it's probably not as valuable as 1467 00:28:08.149 --> 00:28:08.159 but it's probably not as valuable as 1468 00:28:08.159 --> 00:28:10.630 but it's probably not as valuable as friendship and social virtues. 1469 00:28:10.630 --> 00:28:10.640 friendship and social virtues. 1470 00:28:10.640 --> 00:28:12.789 friendship and social virtues. Friendship is really good, but it's 1471 00:28:12.789 --> 00:28:12.799 Friendship is really good, but it's 1472 00:28:12.799 --> 00:28:14.549 Friendship is really good, but it's probably not as noble as wisdom and 1473 00:28:14.549 --> 00:28:14.559 probably not as noble as wisdom and 1474 00:28:14.559 --> 00:28:16.710 probably not as noble as wisdom and knowledge, which is probably not as 1475 00:28:16.710 --> 00:28:16.720 knowledge, which is probably not as 1476 00:28:16.720 --> 00:28:18.950 knowledge, which is probably not as valuable as justice, which is probably 1477 00:28:18.950 --> 00:28:18.960 valuable as justice, which is probably 1478 00:28:18.960 --> 00:28:21.510 valuable as justice, which is probably not as valuable as holiness. 1479 00:28:21.510 --> 00:28:21.520 not as valuable as holiness. 1480 00:28:21.520 --> 00:28:23.669 not as valuable as holiness. So, we all know, I think instinctively, 1481 00:28:23.669 --> 00:28:23.679 So, we all know, I think instinctively, 1482 00:28:23.679 --> 00:28:26.230 So, we all know, I think instinctively, that some values are higher than others. 1483 00:28:26.230 --> 00:28:26.240 that some values are higher than others. 1484 00:28:26.240 --> 00:28:28.630 that some values are higher than others. And I think instinctively we have a 1485 00:28:28.630 --> 00:28:28.640 And I think instinctively we have a 1486 00:28:28.640 --> 00:28:31.750 And I think instinctively we have a sense that the best life is an ardent 1487 00:28:31.750 --> 00:28:31.760 sense that the best life is an ardent 1488 00:28:31.760 --> 00:28:33.430 sense that the best life is an ardent life and the kind of thing we train we 1489 00:28:33.430 --> 00:28:33.440 life and the kind of thing we train we 1490 00:28:33.440 --> 00:28:36.070 life and the kind of thing we train we hopefully prepare our students for here 1491 00:28:36.070 --> 00:28:36.080 hopefully prepare our students for here 1492 00:28:36.080 --> 00:28:38.470 hopefully prepare our students for here is an ardent life where people are 1493 00:28:38.470 --> 00:28:38.480 is an ardent life where people are 1494 00:28:38.480 --> 00:28:40.470 is an ardent life where people are reaching upward to discover the higher 1495 00:28:40.470 --> 00:28:40.480 reaching upward to discover the higher 1496 00:28:40.480 --> 00:28:42.070 reaching upward to discover the higher things. 1497 00:28:42.070 --> 00:28:42.080 things. 1498 00:28:42.080 --> 00:28:44.789 things. And the problem with resentment is they 1499 00:28:44.789 --> 00:28:44.799 And the problem with resentment is they 1500 00:28:44.799 --> 00:28:47.110 And the problem with resentment is they do not even see the higher things. They 1501 00:28:47.110 --> 00:28:47.120 do not even see the higher things. They 1502 00:28:47.120 --> 00:28:49.510 do not even see the higher things. They have contracted their value system. So 1503 00:28:49.510 --> 00:28:49.520 have contracted their value system. So 1504 00:28:49.520 --> 00:28:51.750 have contracted their value system. So the higher things are declared 1505 00:28:51.750 --> 00:28:51.760 the higher things are declared 1506 00:28:51.760 --> 00:28:54.149 the higher things are declared worthless. And Sheller says, "Such 1507 00:28:54.149 --> 00:28:54.159 worthless. And Sheller says, "Such 1508 00:28:54.159 --> 00:28:56.789 worthless. And Sheller says, "Such people are self-poisoned." 1509 00:28:56.789 --> 00:28:56.799 people are self-poisoned." 1510 00:28:56.799 --> 00:28:59.029 people are self-poisoned." I remember when um his first term, 1511 00:28:59.029 --> 00:28:59.039 I remember when um his first term, 1512 00:28:59.039 --> 00:29:02.470 I remember when um his first term, Donald Trump was in France going to the 1513 00:29:02.470 --> 00:29:02.480 Donald Trump was in France going to the 1514 00:29:02.480 --> 00:29:05.830 Donald Trump was in France going to the war cemeteries off the Normandy beaches 1515 00:29:05.830 --> 00:29:05.840 war cemeteries off the Normandy beaches 1516 00:29:05.840 --> 00:29:07.269 war cemeteries off the Normandy beaches and you could see he just couldn't 1517 00:29:07.269 --> 00:29:07.279 and you could see he just couldn't 1518 00:29:07.279 --> 00:29:09.669 and you could see he just couldn't understand it. He couldn't understand 1519 00:29:09.669 --> 00:29:09.679 understand it. He couldn't understand 1520 00:29:09.679 --> 00:29:11.269 understand it. He couldn't understand why anybody would sacrifice their life 1521 00:29:11.269 --> 00:29:11.279 why anybody would sacrifice their life 1522 00:29:11.279 --> 00:29:13.269 why anybody would sacrifice their life for a country. He said, "Those people 1523 00:29:13.269 --> 00:29:13.279 for a country. He said, "Those people 1524 00:29:13.279 --> 00:29:15.830 for a country. He said, "Those people are suckers." And that's a man who 1525 00:29:15.830 --> 00:29:15.840 are suckers." And that's a man who 1526 00:29:15.840 --> 00:29:17.669 are suckers." And that's a man who cannot even see the higher virtues that 1527 00:29:17.669 --> 00:29:17.679 cannot even see the higher virtues that 1528 00:29:17.679 --> 00:29:19.990 cannot even see the higher virtues that would cause you to want to to sacrifice 1529 00:29:19.990 --> 00:29:20.000 would cause you to want to to sacrifice 1530 00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:21.990 would cause you to want to to sacrifice your life for a country. The love of 1531 00:29:21.990 --> 00:29:22.000 your life for a country. The love of 1532 00:29:22.000 --> 00:29:24.789 your life for a country. The love of country is higher than self-interest. 1533 00:29:24.789 --> 00:29:24.799 country is higher than self-interest. 1534 00:29:24.799 --> 00:29:26.389 country is higher than self-interest. Donald Trump could never understand John 1535 00:29:26.389 --> 00:29:26.399 Donald Trump could never understand John 1536 00:29:26.399 --> 00:29:27.909 Donald Trump could never understand John McCain. 1537 00:29:27.909 --> 00:29:27.919 McCain. 1538 00:29:27.919 --> 00:29:31.430 McCain. What drove McCain because he believed in 1539 00:29:31.430 --> 00:29:31.440 What drove McCain because he believed in 1540 00:29:31.440 --> 00:29:34.070 What drove McCain because he believed in those higher virtues. And Donald Trump, 1541 00:29:34.070 --> 00:29:34.080 those higher virtues. And Donald Trump, 1542 00:29:34.080 --> 00:29:36.230 those higher virtues. And Donald Trump, who is resentment, resentfulness 1543 00:29:36.230 --> 00:29:36.240 who is resentment, resentfulness 1544 00:29:36.240 --> 00:29:38.070 who is resentment, resentfulness personified, 1545 00:29:38.070 --> 00:29:38.080 personified, 1546 00:29:38.080 --> 00:29:40.870 personified, just couldn't quite get that. And what 1547 00:29:40.870 --> 00:29:40.880 just couldn't quite get that. And what 1548 00:29:40.880 --> 00:29:42.710 just couldn't quite get that. And what you see on the right, but I think also 1549 00:29:42.710 --> 00:29:42.720 you see on the right, but I think also 1550 00:29:42.720 --> 00:29:45.909 you see on the right, but I think also on the left, is a form of nihilism that 1551 00:29:45.909 --> 00:29:45.919 on the left, is a form of nihilism that 1552 00:29:45.919 --> 00:29:47.750 on the left, is a form of nihilism that believes that whatever is lower is more 1553 00:29:47.750 --> 00:29:47.760 believes that whatever is lower is more 1554 00:29:47.760 --> 00:29:51.350 believes that whatever is lower is more real. selfishness, egoism, lust for 1555 00:29:51.350 --> 00:29:51.360 real. selfishness, egoism, lust for 1556 00:29:51.360 --> 00:29:53.029 real. selfishness, egoism, lust for power, 1557 00:29:53.029 --> 00:29:53.039 power, 1558 00:29:53.039 --> 00:29:55.909 power, those things are real. Altruism, 1559 00:29:55.909 --> 00:29:55.919 those things are real. Altruism, 1560 00:29:55.919 --> 00:29:57.669 those things are real. Altruism, generosity, honor, integrity, and 1561 00:29:57.669 --> 00:29:57.679 generosity, honor, integrity, and 1562 00:29:57.679 --> 00:30:00.389 generosity, honor, integrity, and hospitality, those things are mirages. 1563 00:30:00.389 --> 00:30:00.399 hospitality, those things are mirages. 1564 00:30:00.399 --> 00:30:02.710 hospitality, those things are mirages. Ideals are shams that the selfish use to 1565 00:30:02.710 --> 00:30:02.720 Ideals are shams that the selfish use to 1566 00:30:02.720 --> 00:30:05.350 Ideals are shams that the selfish use to max mask their greed. 1567 00:30:05.350 --> 00:30:05.360 max mask their greed. 1568 00:30:05.360 --> 00:30:06.870 max mask their greed. People who are disillusioned by life, 1569 00:30:06.870 --> 00:30:06.880 People who are disillusioned by life, 1570 00:30:06.880 --> 00:30:09.350 People who are disillusioned by life, who are resentful, who are cynical, they 1571 00:30:09.350 --> 00:30:09.360 who are resentful, who are cynical, they 1572 00:30:09.360 --> 00:30:11.190 who are resentful, who are cynical, they give themselves permission to embrace 1573 00:30:11.190 --> 00:30:11.200 give themselves permission to embrace 1574 00:30:11.200 --> 00:30:13.590 give themselves permission to embrace brutality, saying, "We won't go fooled 1575 00:30:13.590 --> 00:30:13.600 brutality, saying, "We won't go fooled 1576 00:30:13.600 --> 00:30:16.230 brutality, saying, "We won't go fooled again. It's doggy dog. If we're going to 1577 00:30:16.230 --> 00:30:16.240 again. It's doggy dog. If we're going to 1578 00:30:16.240 --> 00:30:17.830 again. It's doggy dog. If we're going to survive, we need to elect bullies in 1579 00:30:17.830 --> 00:30:17.840 survive, we need to elect bullies in 1580 00:30:17.840 --> 00:30:21.750 survive, we need to elect bullies in high places. We need to elect bastards. 1581 00:30:21.750 --> 00:30:21.760 high places. We need to elect bastards. 1582 00:30:21.760 --> 00:30:23.190 high places. We need to elect bastards. The last time I was in this room was 1583 00:30:23.190 --> 00:30:23.200 The last time I was in this room was 1584 00:30:23.200 --> 00:30:25.269 The last time I was in this room was about a month a half ago, and a 1585 00:30:25.269 --> 00:30:25.279 about a month a half ago, and a 1586 00:30:25.279 --> 00:30:28.630 about a month a half ago, and a professor named Brian uh Garen was 1587 00:30:28.630 --> 00:30:28.640 professor named Brian uh Garen was 1588 00:30:28.640 --> 00:30:29.909 professor named Brian uh Garen was teaching a class on how to create a 1589 00:30:29.909 --> 00:30:29.919 teaching a class on how to create a 1590 00:30:29.919 --> 00:30:31.190 teaching a class on how to create a better world. And he started the class 1591 00:30:31.190 --> 00:30:31.200 better world. And he started the class 1592 00:30:31.200 --> 00:30:33.990 better world. And he started the class with a video on that screen. And one of 1593 00:30:33.990 --> 00:30:34.000 with a video on that screen. And one of 1594 00:30:34.000 --> 00:30:37.190 with a video on that screen. And one of them was Steven Miller, the Bush aid, 1595 00:30:37.190 --> 00:30:37.200 them was Steven Miller, the Bush aid, 1596 00:30:37.200 --> 00:30:40.630 them was Steven Miller, the Bush aid, saying international contracts, those 1597 00:30:40.630 --> 00:30:40.640 saying international contracts, those 1598 00:30:40.640 --> 00:30:42.389 saying international contracts, those are nicities, 1599 00:30:42.389 --> 00:30:42.399 are nicities, 1600 00:30:42.399 --> 00:30:45.190 are nicities, but life is about force. Life is about 1601 00:30:45.190 --> 00:30:45.200 but life is about force. Life is about 1602 00:30:45.200 --> 00:30:46.789 but life is about force. Life is about power. 1603 00:30:46.789 --> 00:30:46.799 power. 1604 00:30:46.799 --> 00:30:48.470 power. And then he had another video Garston 1605 00:30:48.470 --> 00:30:48.480 And then he had another video Garston 1606 00:30:48.480 --> 00:30:50.470 And then he had another video Garston did of Pete Puda Judge saying, "No, life 1607 00:30:50.470 --> 00:30:50.480 did of Pete Puda Judge saying, "No, life 1608 00:30:50.480 --> 00:30:52.070 did of Pete Puda Judge saying, "No, life is not about force and power. It's about 1609 00:30:52.070 --> 00:30:52.080 is not about force and power. It's about 1610 00:30:52.080 --> 00:30:53.510 is not about force and power. It's about cooperation and friendship and 1611 00:30:53.510 --> 00:30:53.520 cooperation and friendship and 1612 00:30:53.520 --> 00:30:55.350 cooperation and friendship and agreement." And you see these two 1613 00:30:55.350 --> 00:30:55.360 agreement." And you see these two 1614 00:30:55.360 --> 00:30:58.310 agreement." And you see these two worldviews. Steven Miller is resentment 1615 00:30:58.310 --> 00:30:58.320 worldviews. Steven Miller is resentment 1616 00:30:58.320 --> 00:31:00.389 worldviews. Steven Miller is resentment personified. And in that class, the 1617 00:31:00.389 --> 00:31:00.399 personified. And in that class, the 1618 00:31:00.399 --> 00:31:02.149 personified. And in that class, the students went on to debate the Meian 1619 00:31:02.149 --> 00:31:02.159 students went on to debate the Meian 1620 00:31:02.159 --> 00:31:04.789 students went on to debate the Meian dialogue from Thusidities. And in that 1621 00:31:04.789 --> 00:31:04.799 dialogue from Thusidities. And in that 1622 00:31:04.799 --> 00:31:07.350 dialogue from Thusidities. And in that dialogue, the Athenians say the strong 1623 00:31:07.350 --> 00:31:07.360 dialogue, the Athenians say the strong 1624 00:31:07.360 --> 00:31:08.630 dialogue, the Athenians say the strong do what they can and the weak suffer 1625 00:31:08.630 --> 00:31:08.640 do what they can and the weak suffer 1626 00:31:08.640 --> 00:31:11.830 do what they can and the weak suffer what they must. And that is essentially 1627 00:31:11.830 --> 00:31:11.840 what they must. And that is essentially 1628 00:31:11.840 --> 00:31:14.870 what they must. And that is essentially the position of resentful people who 1629 00:31:14.870 --> 00:31:14.880 the position of resentful people who 1630 00:31:14.880 --> 00:31:17.430 the position of resentful people who have cut off human values at a middle 1631 00:31:17.430 --> 00:31:17.440 have cut off human values at a middle 1632 00:31:17.440 --> 00:31:19.510 have cut off human values at a middle level. And it creates a sense of 1633 00:31:19.510 --> 00:31:19.520 level. And it creates a sense of 1634 00:31:19.520 --> 00:31:22.070 level. And it creates a sense of catastrophism that the and you see this 1635 00:31:22.070 --> 00:31:22.080 catastrophism that the and you see this 1636 00:31:22.080 --> 00:31:23.669 catastrophism that the and you see this on the social justice left as well as 1637 00:31:23.669 --> 00:31:23.679 on the social justice left as well as 1638 00:31:23.679 --> 00:31:27.190 on the social justice left as well as the MAGA right. The systems of society 1639 00:31:27.190 --> 00:31:27.200 the MAGA right. The systems of society 1640 00:31:27.200 --> 00:31:29.669 the MAGA right. The systems of society are fundamentally rotten and oppressive. 1641 00:31:29.669 --> 00:31:29.679 are fundamentally rotten and oppressive. 1642 00:31:29.679 --> 00:31:32.389 are fundamentally rotten and oppressive. We are facing a catastrophe. And this 1643 00:31:32.389 --> 00:31:32.399 We are facing a catastrophe. And this 1644 00:31:32.399 --> 00:31:36.710 We are facing a catastrophe. And this cynicism begins to peel like wisdom 1645 00:31:36.710 --> 00:31:36.720 cynicism begins to peel like wisdom 1646 00:31:36.720 --> 00:31:38.710 cynicism begins to peel like wisdom because I see through the sham of 1647 00:31:38.710 --> 00:31:38.720 because I see through the sham of 1648 00:31:38.720 --> 00:31:41.509 because I see through the sham of idealism. I see reality as it actually 1649 00:31:41.509 --> 00:31:41.519 idealism. I see reality as it actually 1650 00:31:41.519 --> 00:31:43.430 idealism. I see reality as it actually is. And so you can congratulate 1651 00:31:43.430 --> 00:31:43.440 is. And so you can congratulate 1652 00:31:43.440 --> 00:31:44.630 is. And so you can congratulate yourself, but all you're doing is 1653 00:31:44.630 --> 00:31:44.640 yourself, but all you're doing is 1654 00:31:44.640 --> 00:31:46.070 yourself, but all you're doing is cutting yourself off from the highest 1655 00:31:46.070 --> 00:31:46.080 cutting yourself off from the highest 1656 00:31:46.080 --> 00:31:49.509 cutting yourself off from the highest values. And that's what this decade, 1657 00:31:49.509 --> 00:31:49.519 values. And that's what this decade, 1658 00:31:49.519 --> 00:31:52.549 values. And that's what this decade, this decade of resentment is doing. And 1659 00:31:52.549 --> 00:31:52.559 this decade of resentment is doing. And 1660 00:31:52.559 --> 00:31:53.830 this decade of resentment is doing. And when you're in the middle of a decade of 1661 00:31:53.830 --> 00:31:53.840 when you're in the middle of a decade of 1662 00:31:53.840 --> 00:31:56.710 when you're in the middle of a decade of resentment, politicians find it easy to 1663 00:31:56.710 --> 00:31:56.720 resentment, politicians find it easy to 1664 00:31:56.720 --> 00:31:59.509 resentment, politicians find it easy to motivate people by appealing to their 1665 00:31:59.509 --> 00:31:59.519 motivate people by appealing to their 1666 00:31:59.519 --> 00:32:01.430 motivate people by appealing to their dark passions. 1667 00:32:01.430 --> 00:32:01.440 dark passions. 1668 00:32:01.440 --> 00:32:03.110 dark passions. It's not the desire for belonging. It's 1669 00:32:03.110 --> 00:32:03.120 It's not the desire for belonging. It's 1670 00:32:03.120 --> 00:32:04.549 It's not the desire for belonging. It's not the desire for respect. It's not the 1671 00:32:04.549 --> 00:32:04.559 not the desire for respect. It's not the 1672 00:32:04.559 --> 00:32:05.830 not the desire for respect. It's not the desire for virtue. It's not the desire 1673 00:32:05.830 --> 00:32:05.840 desire for virtue. It's not the desire 1674 00:32:05.840 --> 00:32:09.430 desire for virtue. It's not the desire for wisdom. It's anger. Who am I angry 1675 00:32:09.430 --> 00:32:09.440 for wisdom. It's anger. Who am I angry 1676 00:32:09.440 --> 00:32:11.110 for wisdom. It's anger. Who am I angry at? 1677 00:32:11.110 --> 00:32:11.120 at? 1678 00:32:11.120 --> 00:32:13.669 at? It's hatred. I can be angry at you and 1679 00:32:13.669 --> 00:32:13.679 It's hatred. I can be angry at you and 1680 00:32:13.679 --> 00:32:15.669 It's hatred. I can be angry at you and still love you. But if I hate you, 1681 00:32:15.669 --> 00:32:15.679 still love you. But if I hate you, 1682 00:32:15.679 --> 00:32:17.269 still love you. But if I hate you, that's a comprehensive rejection of who 1683 00:32:17.269 --> 00:32:17.279 that's a comprehensive rejection of who 1684 00:32:17.279 --> 00:32:20.710 that's a comprehensive rejection of who you are. It's fear. Fear is fine if you 1685 00:32:20.710 --> 00:32:20.720 you are. It's fear. Fear is fine if you 1686 00:32:20.720 --> 00:32:22.549 you are. It's fear. Fear is fine if you understand what you're afraid of. But 1687 00:32:22.549 --> 00:32:22.559 understand what you're afraid of. But 1688 00:32:22.559 --> 00:32:24.230 understand what you're afraid of. But when it becomes a generalized fear of 1689 00:32:24.230 --> 00:32:24.240 when it becomes a generalized fear of 1690 00:32:24.240 --> 00:32:26.950 when it becomes a generalized fear of everything, it becomes incredibly 1691 00:32:26.950 --> 00:32:26.960 everything, it becomes incredibly 1692 00:32:26.960 --> 00:32:29.110 everything, it becomes incredibly destructive. It leads to the search for 1693 00:32:29.110 --> 00:32:29.120 destructive. It leads to the search for 1694 00:32:29.120 --> 00:32:30.789 destructive. It leads to the search for scapegoats. 1695 00:32:30.789 --> 00:32:30.799 scapegoats. 1696 00:32:30.799 --> 00:32:32.630 scapegoats. And finally, 1697 00:32:32.630 --> 00:32:32.640 And finally, 1698 00:32:32.640 --> 00:32:35.269 And finally, politicians find it easy in an epic like 1699 00:32:35.269 --> 00:32:35.279 politicians find it easy in an epic like 1700 00:32:35.279 --> 00:32:39.350 politicians find it easy in an epic like ours or this period of resentment to 1701 00:32:39.350 --> 00:32:39.360 ours or this period of resentment to 1702 00:32:39.360 --> 00:32:41.430 ours or this period of resentment to advertise their the urge to dominate, to 1703 00:32:41.430 --> 00:32:41.440 advertise their the urge to dominate, to 1704 00:32:41.440 --> 00:32:43.990 advertise their the urge to dominate, to appeal to the urge to dominate, what St. 1705 00:32:43.990 --> 00:32:44.000 appeal to the urge to dominate, what St. 1706 00:32:44.000 --> 00:32:46.389 appeal to the urge to dominate, what St. Augustine called the libido dominandi, 1707 00:32:46.389 --> 00:32:46.399 Augustine called the libido dominandi, 1708 00:32:46.399 --> 00:32:49.269 Augustine called the libido dominandi, the peace within all of us that seeks 1709 00:32:49.269 --> 00:32:49.279 the peace within all of us that seeks 1710 00:32:49.279 --> 00:32:52.149 the peace within all of us that seeks power over others. And leaders found it 1711 00:32:52.149 --> 00:32:52.159 power over others. And leaders found it 1712 00:32:52.159 --> 00:32:54.149 power over others. And leaders found it very effective 1713 00:32:54.149 --> 00:32:54.159 very effective 1714 00:32:54.159 --> 00:32:56.549 very effective to appeal to these dark passions in our 1715 00:32:56.549 --> 00:32:56.559 to appeal to these dark passions in our 1716 00:32:56.559 --> 00:32:59.509 to appeal to these dark passions in our age. I don't agree with Michelle Fuko on 1717 00:32:59.509 --> 00:32:59.519 age. I don't agree with Michelle Fuko on 1718 00:32:59.519 --> 00:33:02.230 age. I don't agree with Michelle Fuko on much, but he did say that the essential 1719 00:33:02.230 --> 00:33:02.240 much, but he did say that the essential 1720 00:33:02.240 --> 00:33:05.430 much, but he did say that the essential struggle in life is against the fascist 1721 00:33:05.430 --> 00:33:05.440 struggle in life is against the fascist 1722 00:33:05.440 --> 00:33:09.029 struggle in life is against the fascist in each one of us. And this age arouses 1723 00:33:09.029 --> 00:33:09.039 in each one of us. And this age arouses 1724 00:33:09.039 --> 00:33:11.909 in each one of us. And this age arouses that kind of fascism. 1725 00:33:11.909 --> 00:33:11.919 that kind of fascism. 1726 00:33:11.919 --> 00:33:13.830 that kind of fascism. And so 1727 00:33:13.830 --> 00:33:13.840 And so 1728 00:33:13.840 --> 00:33:17.190 And so I've tried to describe the the bohe the 1729 00:33:17.190 --> 00:33:17.200 I've tried to describe the the bohe the 1730 00:33:17.200 --> 00:33:20.389 I've tried to describe the the bohe the moral realism of the 1950s, the Bohemian 1731 00:33:20.389 --> 00:33:20.399 moral realism of the 1950s, the Bohemian 1732 00:33:20.399 --> 00:33:22.950 moral realism of the 1950s, the Bohemian rebellion of the 1960s, the 1733 00:33:22.950 --> 00:33:22.960 rebellion of the 1960s, the 1734 00:33:22.960 --> 00:33:24.389 rebellion of the 1960s, the consolidation of that rebellion in the 1735 00:33:24.389 --> 00:33:24.399 consolidation of that rebellion in the 1736 00:33:24.399 --> 00:33:26.389 consolidation of that rebellion in the 1970s, the bourgeoa backlash in the 1737 00:33:26.389 --> 00:33:26.399 1970s, the bourgeoa backlash in the 1738 00:33:26.399 --> 00:33:28.389 1970s, the bourgeoa backlash in the 1980s, the consolidation and the 1739 00:33:28.389 --> 00:33:28.399 1980s, the consolidation and the 1740 00:33:28.399 --> 00:33:30.549 1980s, the consolidation and the convergence of the 1990s, and then the 1741 00:33:30.549 --> 00:33:30.559 convergence of the 1990s, and then the 1742 00:33:30.559 --> 00:33:33.029 convergence of the 1990s, and then the loss of faith and the resentment of the 1743 00:33:33.029 --> 00:33:33.039 loss of faith and the resentment of the 1744 00:33:33.039 --> 00:33:35.430 loss of faith and the resentment of the 21st century culture. Where are we 1745 00:33:35.430 --> 00:33:35.440 21st century culture. Where are we 1746 00:33:35.440 --> 00:33:37.509 21st century culture. Where are we headed in the future? 1747 00:33:37.509 --> 00:33:37.519 headed in the future? 1748 00:33:37.519 --> 00:33:40.710 headed in the future? Well, could get worse. 1749 00:33:40.710 --> 00:33:40.720 Well, could get worse. 1750 00:33:40.720 --> 00:33:43.029 Well, could get worse. One of the things Democrats think is if 1751 00:33:43.029 --> 00:33:43.039 One of the things Democrats think is if 1752 00:33:43.039 --> 00:33:44.870 One of the things Democrats think is if we can show that that George Bush or 1753 00:33:44.870 --> 00:33:44.880 we can show that that George Bush or 1754 00:33:44.880 --> 00:33:46.710 we can show that that George Bush or that Donald Trump is doing a bad job, 1755 00:33:46.710 --> 00:33:46.720 that Donald Trump is doing a bad job, 1756 00:33:46.720 --> 00:33:49.590 that Donald Trump is doing a bad job, then the voters will swing over to us, I 1757 00:33:49.590 --> 00:33:49.600 then the voters will swing over to us, I 1758 00:33:49.600 --> 00:33:51.909 then the voters will swing over to us, I would ask them to look at the polls. 1759 00:33:51.909 --> 00:33:51.919 would ask them to look at the polls. 1760 00:33:51.919 --> 00:33:53.430 would ask them to look at the polls. Voters are not swinging over to the 1761 00:33:53.430 --> 00:33:53.440 Voters are not swinging over to the 1762 00:33:53.440 --> 00:33:56.149 Voters are not swinging over to the Democrats. When Donald Trump does a bad 1763 00:33:56.149 --> 00:33:56.159 Democrats. When Donald Trump does a bad 1764 00:33:56.159 --> 00:33:58.470 Democrats. When Donald Trump does a bad job, it's not people swing from left to 1765 00:33:58.470 --> 00:33:58.480 job, it's not people swing from left to 1766 00:33:58.480 --> 00:34:00.630 job, it's not people swing from left to right or from right to left. People 1767 00:34:00.630 --> 00:34:00.640 right or from right to left. People 1768 00:34:00.640 --> 00:34:03.590 right or from right to left. People swing from crazy to crazier. 1769 00:34:03.590 --> 00:34:03.600 swing from crazy to crazier. 1770 00:34:03.600 --> 00:34:05.830 swing from crazy to crazier. If say the Iraq the Iran war is a 1771 00:34:05.830 --> 00:34:05.840 If say the Iraq the Iran war is a 1772 00:34:05.840 --> 00:34:07.750 If say the Iraq the Iran war is a complete catastrophe, 1773 00:34:07.750 --> 00:34:07.760 complete catastrophe, 1774 00:34:07.760 --> 00:34:08.710 complete catastrophe, it's not like people are going to say, 1775 00:34:08.710 --> 00:34:08.720 it's not like people are going to say, 1776 00:34:08.720 --> 00:34:10.149 it's not like people are going to say, "Oh, the Democrats had a better foreign 1777 00:34:10.149 --> 00:34:10.159 "Oh, the Democrats had a better foreign 1778 00:34:10.159 --> 00:34:12.550 "Oh, the Democrats had a better foreign policy." They're going to say, "America 1779 00:34:12.550 --> 00:34:12.560 policy." They're going to say, "America 1780 00:34:12.560 --> 00:34:15.349 policy." They're going to say, "America is screwed up from top to bottom." One 1781 00:34:15.349 --> 00:34:15.359 is screwed up from top to bottom." One 1782 00:34:15.359 --> 00:34:18.069 is screwed up from top to bottom." One option is the decade ahead, we will see 1783 00:34:18.069 --> 00:34:18.079 option is the decade ahead, we will see 1784 00:34:18.079 --> 00:34:19.829 option is the decade ahead, we will see levels of distrust, alienation, 1785 00:34:19.829 --> 00:34:19.839 levels of distrust, alienation, 1786 00:34:19.839 --> 00:34:23.990 levels of distrust, alienation, resentment we've never seen before. 1787 00:34:23.990 --> 00:34:24.000 resentment we've never seen before. 1788 00:34:24.000 --> 00:34:26.470 resentment we've never seen before. I don't think that's going to happen. 1789 00:34:26.470 --> 00:34:26.480 I don't think that's going to happen. 1790 00:34:26.480 --> 00:34:28.790 I don't think that's going to happen. Uh, I think what's going to happen is 1791 00:34:28.790 --> 00:34:28.800 Uh, I think what's going to happen is 1792 00:34:28.800 --> 00:34:30.069 Uh, I think what's going to happen is that our people are going to do what 1793 00:34:30.069 --> 00:34:30.079 that our people are going to do what 1794 00:34:30.079 --> 00:34:32.629 that our people are going to do what they do in moments of cultural pivot, 1795 00:34:32.629 --> 00:34:32.639 they do in moments of cultural pivot, 1796 00:34:32.639 --> 00:34:33.990 they do in moments of cultural pivot, which is they realize, well, this old 1797 00:34:33.990 --> 00:34:34.000 which is they realize, well, this old 1798 00:34:34.000 --> 00:34:36.550 which is they realize, well, this old paradigm ain't working for us. The 1799 00:34:36.550 --> 00:34:36.560 paradigm ain't working for us. The 1800 00:34:36.560 --> 00:34:38.230 paradigm ain't working for us. The resentment, the loss of faith, this 1801 00:34:38.230 --> 00:34:38.240 resentment, the loss of faith, this 1802 00:34:38.240 --> 00:34:40.790 resentment, the loss of faith, this ain't working for us. They're going to 1803 00:34:40.790 --> 00:34:40.800 ain't working for us. They're going to 1804 00:34:40.800 --> 00:34:42.710 ain't working for us. They're going to realize we've abandoned our humanistic 1805 00:34:42.710 --> 00:34:42.720 realize we've abandoned our humanistic 1806 00:34:42.720 --> 00:34:45.829 realize we've abandoned our humanistic core. All the things that nurture 1807 00:34:45.829 --> 00:34:45.839 core. All the things that nurture 1808 00:34:45.839 --> 00:34:47.430 core. All the things that nurture empathy and orient the soul toward 1809 00:34:47.430 --> 00:34:47.440 empathy and orient the soul toward 1810 00:34:47.440 --> 00:34:49.750 empathy and orient the soul toward justice and virtue and goodness are 1811 00:34:49.750 --> 00:34:49.760 justice and virtue and goodness are 1812 00:34:49.760 --> 00:34:52.310 justice and virtue and goodness are diminishing in our life. religious 1813 00:34:52.310 --> 00:34:52.320 diminishing in our life. religious 1814 00:34:52.320 --> 00:34:54.310 diminishing in our life. religious devotion, theology, literature, history, 1815 00:34:54.310 --> 00:34:54.320 devotion, theology, literature, history, 1816 00:34:54.320 --> 00:34:56.230 devotion, theology, literature, history, philosophy. 1817 00:34:56.230 --> 00:34:56.240 philosophy. 1818 00:34:56.240 --> 00:35:00.950 philosophy. We got to get back in touch with those. 1819 00:35:00.960 --> 00:35:02.790 And so I think there will be a 1820 00:35:02.800 --> 00:35:05.349 And so I think there will be a humanistic turn. 1821 00:35:05.349 --> 00:35:05.359 humanistic turn. 1822 00:35:05.359 --> 00:35:08.310 humanistic turn. Humanism is the perfect antidote to 1823 00:35:08.310 --> 00:35:08.320 Humanism is the perfect antidote to 1824 00:35:08.320 --> 00:35:10.870 Humanism is the perfect antidote to nihilism. The kind of humanism that gets 1825 00:35:10.870 --> 00:35:10.880 nihilism. The kind of humanism that gets 1826 00:35:10.880 --> 00:35:13.430 nihilism. The kind of humanism that gets taught at this university is anything 1827 00:35:13.430 --> 00:35:13.440 taught at this university is anything 1828 00:35:13.440 --> 00:35:15.990 taught at this university is anything that upholds the dignity of each person. 1829 00:35:15.990 --> 00:35:16.000 that upholds the dignity of each person. 1830 00:35:16.000 --> 00:35:17.430 that upholds the dignity of each person. When students are reading about 1831 00:35:17.430 --> 00:35:17.440 When students are reading about 1832 00:35:17.440 --> 00:35:19.670 When students are reading about Antiggony trying to bury her brother, 1833 00:35:19.670 --> 00:35:19.680 Antiggony trying to bury her brother, 1834 00:35:19.680 --> 00:35:21.109 Antiggony trying to bury her brother, Lincoln rebinding the nation in the 1835 00:35:21.109 --> 00:35:21.119 Lincoln rebinding the nation in the 1836 00:35:21.119 --> 00:35:23.190 Lincoln rebinding the nation in the second inaugural, Martin Luther King 1837 00:35:23.190 --> 00:35:23.200 second inaugural, Martin Luther King 1838 00:35:23.200 --> 00:35:24.550 second inaugural, Martin Luther King writing that letter from the Birmingham 1839 00:35:24.550 --> 00:35:24.560 writing that letter from the Birmingham 1840 00:35:24.560 --> 00:35:28.630 writing that letter from the Birmingham jail, that's humanism. Even as simple as 1841 00:35:28.630 --> 00:35:28.640 jail, that's humanism. Even as simple as 1842 00:35:28.640 --> 00:35:30.950 jail, that's humanism. Even as simple as Tracy Chapman and Luke Combs Combmes 1843 00:35:30.950 --> 00:35:30.960 Tracy Chapman and Luke Combs Combmes 1844 00:35:30.960 --> 00:35:33.270 Tracy Chapman and Luke Combs Combmes singing Fast Cars, 1845 00:35:33.270 --> 00:35:33.280 singing Fast Cars, 1846 00:35:33.280 --> 00:35:36.310 singing Fast Cars, that's humanism. That's uplifting the 1847 00:35:36.310 --> 00:35:36.320 that's humanism. That's uplifting the 1848 00:35:36.320 --> 00:35:38.950 that's humanism. That's uplifting the human dignity and introducing people and 1849 00:35:38.950 --> 00:35:38.960 human dignity and introducing people and 1850 00:35:38.960 --> 00:35:40.630 human dignity and introducing people and connecting people to the highest 1851 00:35:40.630 --> 00:35:40.640 connecting people to the highest 1852 00:35:40.640 --> 00:35:42.310 connecting people to the highest registers 1853 00:35:42.310 --> 00:35:42.320 registers 1854 00:35:42.320 --> 00:35:46.630 registers of human nature. Humanism is a worldview 1855 00:35:46.630 --> 00:35:46.640 of human nature. Humanism is a worldview 1856 00:35:46.640 --> 00:35:48.310 of human nature. Humanism is a worldview based on an accurate conception of who 1857 00:35:48.310 --> 00:35:48.320 based on an accurate conception of who 1858 00:35:48.320 --> 00:35:49.910 based on an accurate conception of who we are. That we're capable of cruelty. 1859 00:35:49.910 --> 00:35:49.920 we are. That we're capable of cruelty. 1860 00:35:49.920 --> 00:35:52.069 we are. That we're capable of cruelty. We're also greatness capable of great 1861 00:35:52.069 --> 00:35:52.079 We're also greatness capable of great 1862 00:35:52.079 --> 00:35:54.870 We're also greatness capable of great achievement and accomplishment. 1863 00:35:54.870 --> 00:35:54.880 achievement and accomplishment. 1864 00:35:54.880 --> 00:35:57.349 achievement and accomplishment. And hopefully what a education does in a 1865 00:35:57.349 --> 00:35:57.359 And hopefully what a education does in a 1866 00:35:57.359 --> 00:35:59.349 And hopefully what a education does in a liberal arts institution like this one 1867 00:35:59.349 --> 00:35:59.359 liberal arts institution like this one 1868 00:35:59.359 --> 00:36:02.230 liberal arts institution like this one is prepare people to have the highest 1869 00:36:02.230 --> 00:36:02.240 is prepare people to have the highest 1870 00:36:02.240 --> 00:36:03.990 is prepare people to have the highest desire so they can control their lowest 1871 00:36:03.990 --> 00:36:04.000 desire so they can control their lowest 1872 00:36:04.000 --> 00:36:06.630 desire so they can control their lowest and egotistical desire. 1873 00:36:06.630 --> 00:36:06.640 and egotistical desire. 1874 00:36:06.640 --> 00:36:08.550 and egotistical desire. And they do this by making excellence 1875 00:36:08.550 --> 00:36:08.560 And they do this by making excellence 1876 00:36:08.560 --> 00:36:10.630 And they do this by making excellence attractive to the young. 1877 00:36:10.630 --> 00:36:10.640 attractive to the young. 1878 00:36:10.640 --> 00:36:12.390 attractive to the young. They hold up this scientist, this 1879 00:36:12.390 --> 00:36:12.400 They hold up this scientist, this 1880 00:36:12.400 --> 00:36:14.870 They hold up this scientist, this theory, this book, this hero, this 1881 00:36:14.870 --> 00:36:14.880 theory, this book, this hero, this 1882 00:36:14.880 --> 00:36:17.750 theory, this book, this hero, this writer, this wise person 1883 00:36:17.750 --> 00:36:17.760 writer, this wise person 1884 00:36:17.760 --> 00:36:19.990 writer, this wise person and they say life is essentially a 1885 00:36:19.990 --> 00:36:20.000 and they say life is essentially a 1886 00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:22.710 and they say life is essentially a struggle on behalf of certain ideals. 1887 00:36:22.710 --> 00:36:22.720 struggle on behalf of certain ideals. 1888 00:36:22.720 --> 00:36:24.390 struggle on behalf of certain ideals. The person we are reading about in this 1889 00:36:24.390 --> 00:36:24.400 The person we are reading about in this 1890 00:36:24.400 --> 00:36:26.630 The person we are reading about in this course has lived that life of struggle 1891 00:36:26.630 --> 00:36:26.640 course has lived that life of struggle 1892 00:36:26.640 --> 00:36:30.310 course has lived that life of struggle on behalf of ideals. You should try it. 1893 00:36:30.310 --> 00:36:30.320 on behalf of ideals. You should try it. 1894 00:36:30.320 --> 00:36:34.630 on behalf of ideals. You should try it. And so I see universities as a 1895 00:36:34.630 --> 00:36:34.640 And so I see universities as a 1896 00:36:34.640 --> 00:36:37.030 And so I see universities as a as creators and feeders into of our 1897 00:36:37.030 --> 00:36:37.040 as creators and feeders into of our 1898 00:36:37.040 --> 00:36:40.550 as creators and feeders into of our national uh passions of our national 1899 00:36:40.550 --> 00:36:40.560 national uh passions of our national 1900 00:36:40.560 --> 00:36:44.150 national uh passions of our national life. And the most 1901 00:36:44.150 --> 00:36:44.160 life. And the most 1902 00:36:44.160 --> 00:36:46.470 life. And the most effective antidote 1903 00:36:46.470 --> 00:36:46.480 effective antidote 1904 00:36:46.480 --> 00:36:49.750 effective antidote to uh resentment 1905 00:36:49.750 --> 00:36:49.760 to uh resentment 1906 00:36:49.760 --> 00:36:52.710 to uh resentment is earnest admiration. 1907 00:36:52.710 --> 00:36:52.720 is earnest admiration. 1908 00:36:52.720 --> 00:36:55.589 is earnest admiration. Finding people whose lives are so 1909 00:36:55.589 --> 00:36:55.599 Finding people whose lives are so 1910 00:36:55.599 --> 00:36:58.550 Finding people whose lives are so impressive and so inspiring that it 1911 00:36:58.550 --> 00:36:58.560 impressive and so inspiring that it 1912 00:36:58.560 --> 00:36:59.990 impressive and so inspiring that it cracks through the feelings of 1913 00:36:59.990 --> 00:37:00.000 cracks through the feelings of 1914 00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:02.390 cracks through the feelings of resentment and distrust. You can't argue 1915 00:37:02.390 --> 00:37:02.400 resentment and distrust. You can't argue 1916 00:37:02.400 --> 00:37:04.390 resentment and distrust. You can't argue people out of them. You have to show 1917 00:37:04.390 --> 00:37:04.400 people out of them. You have to show 1918 00:37:04.400 --> 00:37:06.790 people out of them. You have to show them there really are things that are 1919 00:37:06.790 --> 00:37:06.800 them there really are things that are 1920 00:37:06.800 --> 00:37:09.829 them there really are things that are worth dying for. There really are lives 1921 00:37:09.829 --> 00:37:09.839 worth dying for. There really are lives 1922 00:37:09.839 --> 00:37:12.230 worth dying for. There really are lives that are noble. 1923 00:37:12.230 --> 00:37:12.240 that are noble. 1924 00:37:12.240 --> 00:37:15.190 that are noble. Uh and so you can read about them and I 1925 00:37:15.190 --> 00:37:15.200 Uh and so you can read about them and I 1926 00:37:15.200 --> 00:37:18.630 Uh and so you can read about them and I assign them when I assign books. 1927 00:37:18.630 --> 00:37:18.640 assign them when I assign books. 1928 00:37:18.640 --> 00:37:21.510 assign them when I assign books. And so the question is, does America 1929 00:37:21.510 --> 00:37:21.520 And so the question is, does America 1930 00:37:21.520 --> 00:37:23.990 And so the question is, does America have the vitality for one more cultural 1931 00:37:23.990 --> 00:37:24.000 have the vitality for one more cultural 1932 00:37:24.000 --> 00:37:27.430 have the vitality for one more cultural revolution, one more cultural churn, one 1933 00:37:27.430 --> 00:37:27.440 revolution, one more cultural churn, one 1934 00:37:27.440 --> 00:37:30.710 revolution, one more cultural churn, one more shift to the paradigm? 1935 00:37:30.710 --> 00:37:30.720 more shift to the paradigm? 1936 00:37:30.720 --> 00:37:33.349 more shift to the paradigm? And we seem a little demoralized right 1937 00:37:33.349 --> 00:37:33.359 And we seem a little demoralized right 1938 00:37:33.359 --> 00:37:35.589 And we seem a little demoralized right now. 1939 00:37:35.589 --> 00:37:35.599 now. 1940 00:37:35.599 --> 00:37:37.990 now. But when I ask people what made them who 1941 00:37:37.990 --> 00:37:38.000 But when I ask people what made them who 1942 00:37:38.000 --> 00:37:40.630 But when I ask people what made them who they are, nobody ever says, you know, I 1943 00:37:40.630 --> 00:37:40.640 they are, nobody ever says, you know, I 1944 00:37:40.640 --> 00:37:42.790 they are, nobody ever says, you know, I went to vacation Hawaii and that made me 1945 00:37:42.790 --> 00:37:42.800 went to vacation Hawaii and that made me 1946 00:37:42.800 --> 00:37:45.589 went to vacation Hawaii and that made me the person I am today. Nobody ever says 1947 00:37:45.589 --> 00:37:45.599 the person I am today. Nobody ever says 1948 00:37:45.599 --> 00:37:49.349 the person I am today. Nobody ever says that. They always part to a hard time. 1949 00:37:49.349 --> 00:37:49.359 that. They always part to a hard time. 1950 00:37:49.359 --> 00:37:51.349 that. They always part to a hard time. They point to a moment of rupture and 1951 00:37:51.349 --> 00:37:51.359 They point to a moment of rupture and 1952 00:37:51.359 --> 00:37:54.310 They point to a moment of rupture and repair when their life fell apart and 1953 00:37:54.310 --> 00:37:54.320 repair when their life fell apart and 1954 00:37:54.320 --> 00:37:56.390 repair when their life fell apart and they built it back better. I went 1955 00:37:56.390 --> 00:37:56.400 they built it back better. I went 1956 00:37:56.400 --> 00:37:57.750 they built it back better. I went through a period of rupture and repair 1957 00:37:57.750 --> 00:37:57.760 through a period of rupture and repair 1958 00:37:57.760 --> 00:38:00.550 through a period of rupture and repair in 2013. My kids were leaving home to go 1959 00:38:00.550 --> 00:38:00.560 in 2013. My kids were leaving home to go 1960 00:38:00.560 --> 00:38:02.790 in 2013. My kids were leaving home to go to college. My marriage had ended and I 1961 00:38:02.790 --> 00:38:02.800 to college. My marriage had ended and I 1962 00:38:02.800 --> 00:38:04.790 to college. My marriage had ended and I was living in a crappy apartment feeling 1963 00:38:04.790 --> 00:38:04.800 was living in a crappy apartment feeling 1964 00:38:04.800 --> 00:38:07.349 was living in a crappy apartment feeling intensely lonely. 1965 00:38:07.349 --> 00:38:07.359 intensely lonely. 1966 00:38:07.359 --> 00:38:09.030 intensely lonely. And I think I mentioned this earlier but 1967 00:38:09.030 --> 00:38:09.040 And I think I mentioned this earlier but 1968 00:38:09.040 --> 00:38:11.270 And I think I mentioned this earlier but in one of the other lectures I read 1969 00:38:11.270 --> 00:38:11.280 in one of the other lectures I read 1970 00:38:11.280 --> 00:38:13.430 in one of the other lectures I read three books. one by a guy named Paul 1971 00:38:13.430 --> 00:38:13.440 three books. one by a guy named Paul 1972 00:38:13.440 --> 00:38:15.349 three books. one by a guy named Paul Tillik who said that moments of 1973 00:38:15.349 --> 00:38:15.359 Tillik who said that moments of 1974 00:38:15.359 --> 00:38:16.950 Tillik who said that moments of suffering interrupt your life and remind 1975 00:38:16.950 --> 00:38:16.960 suffering interrupt your life and remind 1976 00:38:16.960 --> 00:38:18.150 suffering interrupt your life and remind you you're not the person you thought 1977 00:38:18.150 --> 00:38:18.160 you you're not the person you thought 1978 00:38:18.160 --> 00:38:20.150 you you're not the person you thought you were. They carve into the floor of 1979 00:38:20.150 --> 00:38:20.160 you were. They carve into the floor of 1980 00:38:20.160 --> 00:38:21.750 you were. They carve into the floor of the basement of your soul and they 1981 00:38:21.750 --> 00:38:21.760 the basement of your soul and they 1982 00:38:21.760 --> 00:38:23.829 the basement of your soul and they reveal a cavity below and they carve 1983 00:38:23.829 --> 00:38:23.839 reveal a cavity below and they carve 1984 00:38:23.839 --> 00:38:25.990 reveal a cavity below and they carve through that and reveal a cavity below. 1985 00:38:25.990 --> 00:38:26.000 through that and reveal a cavity below. 1986 00:38:26.000 --> 00:38:27.910 through that and reveal a cavity below. So the moments of hardship like the one 1987 00:38:27.910 --> 00:38:27.920 So the moments of hardship like the one 1988 00:38:27.920 --> 00:38:30.310 So the moments of hardship like the one we're in nationally you see deeper into 1989 00:38:30.310 --> 00:38:30.320 we're in nationally you see deeper into 1990 00:38:30.320 --> 00:38:33.829 we're in nationally you see deeper into your own nation or your own self than 1991 00:38:33.829 --> 00:38:33.839 your own nation or your own self than 1992 00:38:33.839 --> 00:38:36.230 your own nation or your own self than you did before. Second, I read a book by 1993 00:38:36.230 --> 00:38:36.240 you did before. Second, I read a book by 1994 00:38:36.240 --> 00:38:40.069 you did before. Second, I read a book by Henry Nen who said um when you are in 1995 00:38:40.069 --> 00:38:40.079 Henry Nen who said um when you are in 1996 00:38:40.079 --> 00:38:41.349 Henry Nen who said um when you are in pain, you have to stay in the pain to 1997 00:38:41.349 --> 00:38:41.359 pain, you have to stay in the pain to 1998 00:38:41.359 --> 00:38:43.990 pain, you have to stay in the pain to see what it has to teach you. And I was 1999 00:38:43.990 --> 00:38:44.000 see what it has to teach you. And I was 2000 00:38:44.000 --> 00:38:45.510 see what it has to teach you. And I was like screw that. I want to get out of 2001 00:38:45.510 --> 00:38:45.520 like screw that. I want to get out of 2002 00:38:45.520 --> 00:38:47.349 like screw that. I want to get out of the pain. 2003 00:38:47.349 --> 00:38:47.359 the pain. 2004 00:38:47.359 --> 00:38:48.630 the pain. Third book was I read by a guy named 2005 00:38:48.630 --> 00:38:48.640 Third book was I read by a guy named 2006 00:38:48.640 --> 00:38:51.829 Third book was I read by a guy named Frederick Bner who was a novelist and 2007 00:38:51.829 --> 00:38:51.839 Frederick Bner who was a novelist and 2008 00:38:51.839 --> 00:38:54.630 Frederick Bner who was a novelist and also a pastor. He said in moments of 2009 00:38:54.630 --> 00:38:54.640 also a pastor. He said in moments of 2010 00:38:54.640 --> 00:38:56.150 also a pastor. He said in moments of pain you can either be broken or broken 2011 00:38:56.150 --> 00:38:56.160 pain you can either be broken or broken 2012 00:38:56.160 --> 00:38:58.950 pain you can either be broken or broken open. And when you're broken you callous 2013 00:38:58.950 --> 00:38:58.960 open. And when you're broken you callous 2014 00:38:58.960 --> 00:39:01.349 open. And when you're broken you callous yourself over. When you're broken open, 2015 00:39:01.349 --> 00:39:01.359 yourself over. When you're broken open, 2016 00:39:01.359 --> 00:39:03.670 yourself over. When you're broken open, even in those moments of greatest 2017 00:39:03.670 --> 00:39:03.680 even in those moments of greatest 2018 00:39:03.680 --> 00:39:05.750 even in those moments of greatest suffering, you make yourself even more 2019 00:39:05.750 --> 00:39:05.760 suffering, you make yourself even more 2020 00:39:05.760 --> 00:39:08.550 suffering, you make yourself even more vulnerable. Because only if you do that 2021 00:39:08.550 --> 00:39:08.560 vulnerable. Because only if you do that 2022 00:39:08.560 --> 00:39:11.510 vulnerable. Because only if you do that are you capable of change. 2023 00:39:11.510 --> 00:39:11.520 are you capable of change. 2024 00:39:11.520 --> 00:39:14.630 are you capable of change. And I would say in history, we have case 2025 00:39:14.630 --> 00:39:14.640 And I would say in history, we have case 2026 00:39:14.640 --> 00:39:16.710 And I would say in history, we have case after case of countries breaking 2027 00:39:16.710 --> 00:39:16.720 after case of countries breaking 2028 00:39:16.720 --> 00:39:19.270 after case of countries breaking themselves open and saying we need to 2029 00:39:19.270 --> 00:39:19.280 themselves open and saying we need to 2030 00:39:19.280 --> 00:39:21.670 themselves open and saying we need to change. If you look at Britain in the 2031 00:39:21.670 --> 00:39:21.680 change. If you look at Britain in the 2032 00:39:21.680 --> 00:39:23.910 change. If you look at Britain in the 1820s and the 1830s, Australia in the 2033 00:39:23.910 --> 00:39:23.920 1820s and the 1830s, Australia in the 2034 00:39:23.920 --> 00:39:25.910 1820s and the 1830s, Australia in the 1970s, Germany and Japan after World War 2035 00:39:25.910 --> 00:39:25.920 1970s, Germany and Japan after World War 2036 00:39:25.920 --> 00:39:29.750 1970s, Germany and Japan after World War II, South Korea in the 1980s, Rwanda 2037 00:39:29.750 --> 00:39:29.760 II, South Korea in the 1980s, Rwanda 2038 00:39:29.760 --> 00:39:33.510 II, South Korea in the 1980s, Rwanda after 1994, Chile after 1990s, or you 2039 00:39:33.510 --> 00:39:33.520 after 1994, Chile after 1990s, or you 2040 00:39:33.520 --> 00:39:35.990 after 1994, Chile after 1990s, or you look at our own country, look at those 2041 00:39:35.990 --> 00:39:36.000 look at our own country, look at those 2042 00:39:36.000 --> 00:39:37.990 look at our own country, look at those periods of paradigm shift of rupture and 2043 00:39:37.990 --> 00:39:38.000 periods of paradigm shift of rupture and 2044 00:39:38.000 --> 00:39:41.589 periods of paradigm shift of rupture and repair. The 1770s, the revolutionary 2045 00:39:41.589 --> 00:39:41.599 repair. The 1770s, the revolutionary 2046 00:39:41.599 --> 00:39:44.870 repair. The 1770s, the revolutionary period, Andrew Jackson's populism, 2047 00:39:44.870 --> 00:39:44.880 period, Andrew Jackson's populism, 2048 00:39:44.880 --> 00:39:48.630 period, Andrew Jackson's populism, 1890s and the progressive era, 1960s. 2049 00:39:48.630 --> 00:39:48.640 1890s and the progressive era, 1960s. 2050 00:39:48.640 --> 00:39:50.630 1890s and the progressive era, 1960s. Look at how much culture has changed in 2051 00:39:50.630 --> 00:39:50.640 Look at how much culture has changed in 2052 00:39:50.640 --> 00:39:53.270 Look at how much culture has changed in the last 70 years. Look at how dynamic 2053 00:39:53.270 --> 00:39:53.280 the last 70 years. Look at how dynamic 2054 00:39:53.280 --> 00:39:56.069 the last 70 years. Look at how dynamic our culture is. Do we really think that 2055 00:39:56.069 --> 00:39:56.079 our culture is. Do we really think that 2056 00:39:56.079 --> 00:39:58.550 our culture is. Do we really think that the same country that shifted in the 60s 2057 00:39:58.550 --> 00:39:58.560 the same country that shifted in the 60s 2058 00:39:58.560 --> 00:40:01.670 the same country that shifted in the 60s from the 50s, that shifted in the 80s 2059 00:40:01.670 --> 00:40:01.680 from the 50s, that shifted in the 80s 2060 00:40:01.680 --> 00:40:05.109 from the 50s, that shifted in the 80s from the 70s, that shifted in a bad way 2061 00:40:05.109 --> 00:40:05.119 from the 70s, that shifted in a bad way 2062 00:40:05.119 --> 00:40:07.829 from the 70s, that shifted in a bad way in the last 20 years? Do we really think 2063 00:40:07.829 --> 00:40:07.839 in the last 20 years? Do we really think 2064 00:40:07.839 --> 00:40:10.630 in the last 20 years? Do we really think our culture has stopped? 2065 00:40:10.630 --> 00:40:10.640 our culture has stopped? 2066 00:40:10.640 --> 00:40:12.870 our culture has stopped? I just don't. 2067 00:40:12.870 --> 00:40:12.880 I just don't. 2068 00:40:12.880 --> 00:40:14.069 I just don't. I think people are going to see this 2069 00:40:14.069 --> 00:40:14.079 I think people are going to see this 2070 00:40:14.079 --> 00:40:16.470 I think people are going to see this paradigm is not working for us and we 2071 00:40:16.470 --> 00:40:16.480 paradigm is not working for us and we 2072 00:40:16.480 --> 00:40:19.030 paradigm is not working for us and we need a change and I think they will 2073 00:40:19.030 --> 00:40:19.040 need a change and I think they will 2074 00:40:19.040 --> 00:40:21.030 need a change and I think they will diagnose that the problem is a spiritual 2075 00:40:21.030 --> 00:40:21.040 diagnose that the problem is a spiritual 2076 00:40:21.040 --> 00:40:23.270 diagnose that the problem is a spiritual one a psychological one emotional one a 2077 00:40:23.270 --> 00:40:23.280 one a psychological one emotional one a 2078 00:40:23.280 --> 00:40:25.349 one a psychological one emotional one a cultural one we need a shift in values 2079 00:40:25.349 --> 00:40:25.359 cultural one we need a shift in values 2080 00:40:25.359 --> 00:40:28.230 cultural one we need a shift in values we need a shift in the spirit of the age 2081 00:40:28.230 --> 00:40:28.240 we need a shift in the spirit of the age 2082 00:40:28.240 --> 00:40:30.150 we need a shift in the spirit of the age the zeitgeist the what we call the 2083 00:40:30.150 --> 00:40:30.160 the zeitgeist the what we call the 2084 00:40:30.160 --> 00:40:32.069 the zeitgeist the what we call the dominant paradigm that's just 2085 00:40:32.069 --> 00:40:32.079 dominant paradigm that's just 2086 00:40:32.079 --> 00:40:35.109 dominant paradigm that's just tremendously valuable and it depends on 2087 00:40:35.109 --> 00:40:35.119 tremendously valuable and it depends on 2088 00:40:35.119 --> 00:40:36.710 tremendously valuable and it depends on people cultural shifts doesn't happen 2089 00:40:36.710 --> 00:40:36.720 people cultural shifts doesn't happen 2090 00:40:36.720 --> 00:40:38.790 people cultural shifts doesn't happen from from the top it happens from all of 2091 00:40:38.790 --> 00:40:38.800 from from the top it happens from all of 2092 00:40:38.800 --> 00:40:40.950 from from the top it happens from all of us it happens in universities but it 2093 00:40:40.950 --> 00:40:40.960 us it happens in universities but it 2094 00:40:40.960 --> 00:40:43.430 us it happens in universities but it also happened in the arts It happens in 2095 00:40:43.430 --> 00:40:43.440 also happened in the arts It happens in 2096 00:40:43.440 --> 00:40:45.270 also happened in the arts It happens in community organizations. It has in 2097 00:40:45.270 --> 00:40:45.280 community organizations. It has in 2098 00:40:45.280 --> 00:40:48.069 community organizations. It has in religious organizations. Culture is the 2099 00:40:48.069 --> 00:40:48.079 religious organizations. Culture is the 2100 00:40:48.079 --> 00:40:49.750 religious organizations. Culture is the common collective response to the 2101 00:40:49.750 --> 00:40:49.760 common collective response to the 2102 00:40:49.760 --> 00:40:52.310 common collective response to the problems of the moment. And people just 2103 00:40:52.310 --> 00:40:52.320 problems of the moment. And people just 2104 00:40:52.320 --> 00:40:54.790 problems of the moment. And people just spontaneously shift. That's how these 2105 00:40:54.790 --> 00:40:54.800 spontaneously shift. That's how these 2106 00:40:54.800 --> 00:40:56.790 spontaneously shift. That's how these cultures change. 2107 00:40:56.790 --> 00:40:56.800 cultures change. 2108 00:40:56.800 --> 00:40:58.790 cultures change. And I have every confidence looking at 2109 00:40:58.790 --> 00:40:58.800 And I have every confidence looking at 2110 00:40:58.800 --> 00:41:02.710 And I have every confidence looking at history, we've been through this before. 2111 00:41:02.710 --> 00:41:02.720 history, we've been through this before. 2112 00:41:02.720 --> 00:41:05.030 history, we've been through this before. It's a question of how we all act. 2113 00:41:05.030 --> 00:41:05.040 It's a question of how we all act. 2114 00:41:05.040 --> 00:41:06.710 It's a question of how we all act. Whether we decide we're in a doom loop 2115 00:41:06.710 --> 00:41:06.720 Whether we decide we're in a doom loop 2116 00:41:06.720 --> 00:41:09.109 Whether we decide we're in a doom loop of resentment and we just say stop. 2117 00:41:09.109 --> 00:41:09.119 of resentment and we just say stop. 2118 00:41:09.119 --> 00:41:11.349 of resentment and we just say stop. Stop. We're not going to participate. 2119 00:41:11.349 --> 00:41:11.359 Stop. We're not going to participate. 2120 00:41:11.359 --> 00:41:13.109 Stop. We're not going to participate. We're going to find people who exemplify 2121 00:41:13.109 --> 00:41:13.119 We're going to find people who exemplify 2122 00:41:13.119 --> 00:41:17.510 We're going to find people who exemplify the higher virtues. I was at a bar some 2123 00:41:17.510 --> 00:41:17.520 the higher virtues. I was at a bar some 2124 00:41:17.520 --> 00:41:20.309 the higher virtues. I was at a bar some couple years ago and if you had seen me 2125 00:41:20.309 --> 00:41:20.319 couple years ago and if you had seen me 2126 00:41:20.319 --> 00:41:22.390 couple years ago and if you had seen me there, you would have said sad guy 2127 00:41:22.390 --> 00:41:22.400 there, you would have said sad guy 2128 00:41:22.400 --> 00:41:24.790 there, you would have said sad guy drinking alone, 2129 00:41:24.790 --> 00:41:24.800 drinking alone, 2130 00:41:24.800 --> 00:41:30.630 drinking alone, but I call it reporting. 2131 00:41:30.640 --> 00:41:34.069 And uh I was scrolling and it was like a 2132 00:41:34.079 --> 00:41:37.030 And uh I was scrolling and it was like a month after October 7th. And as you can 2133 00:41:37.030 --> 00:41:37.040 month after October 7th. And as you can 2134 00:41:37.040 --> 00:41:38.470 month after October 7th. And as you can imagine, I was on Twitter scrolling 2135 00:41:38.470 --> 00:41:38.480 imagine, I was on Twitter scrolling 2136 00:41:38.480 --> 00:41:41.510 imagine, I was on Twitter scrolling through all these brutal images 2137 00:41:41.510 --> 00:41:41.520 through all these brutal images 2138 00:41:41.520 --> 00:41:43.990 through all these brutal images and uh 2139 00:41:43.990 --> 00:41:44.000 and uh 2140 00:41:44.000 --> 00:41:46.390 and uh they was horrible. 2141 00:41:46.390 --> 00:41:46.400 they was horrible. 2142 00:41:46.400 --> 00:41:48.630 they was horrible. Uh but then I scroll across an image 2143 00:41:48.630 --> 00:41:48.640 Uh but then I scroll across an image 2144 00:41:48.640 --> 00:41:50.630 Uh but then I scroll across an image that was different and it was an 2145 00:41:50.630 --> 00:41:50.640 that was different and it was an 2146 00:41:50.640 --> 00:41:51.910 that was different and it was an interview probably done like in the 2147 00:41:51.910 --> 00:41:51.920 interview probably done like in the 2148 00:41:51.920 --> 00:41:55.910 interview probably done like in the early 60s with James Baldwin. 2149 00:41:55.910 --> 00:41:55.920 early 60s with James Baldwin. 2150 00:41:55.920 --> 00:41:57.589 early 60s with James Baldwin. And Baldwin is talking to an unseen 2151 00:41:57.589 --> 00:41:57.599 And Baldwin is talking to an unseen 2152 00:41:57.599 --> 00:41:59.589 And Baldwin is talking to an unseen interviewer and he says, "You know, 2153 00:41:59.589 --> 00:41:59.599 interviewer and he says, "You know, 2154 00:41:59.599 --> 00:42:01.030 interviewer and he says, "You know, there's not as much humanity in the 2155 00:42:01.030 --> 00:42:01.040 there's not as much humanity in the 2156 00:42:01.040 --> 00:42:03.430 there's not as much humanity in the world as one would like, 2157 00:42:03.430 --> 00:42:03.440 world as one would like, 2158 00:42:03.440 --> 00:42:07.030 world as one would like, but there's more than you would think. 2159 00:42:07.030 --> 00:42:07.040 but there's more than you would think. 2160 00:42:07.040 --> 00:42:09.109 but there's more than you would think. There's enough." 2161 00:42:09.109 --> 00:42:09.119 There's enough." 2162 00:42:09.119 --> 00:42:10.230 There's enough." And then he says, "Well, you got to 2163 00:42:10.230 --> 00:42:10.240 And then he says, "Well, you got to 2164 00:42:10.240 --> 00:42:12.390 And then he says, "Well, you got to remember when you walk down the street, 2165 00:42:12.390 --> 00:42:12.400 remember when you walk down the street, 2166 00:42:12.400 --> 00:42:14.950 remember when you walk down the street, every person you see, that person could 2167 00:42:14.950 --> 00:42:14.960 every person you see, that person could 2168 00:42:14.960 --> 00:42:18.309 every person you see, that person could be you. You could be that person. 2169 00:42:18.309 --> 00:42:18.319 be you. You could be that person. 2170 00:42:18.319 --> 00:42:21.510 be you. You could be that person. And and that person has so much in 2171 00:42:21.510 --> 00:42:21.520 And and that person has so much in 2172 00:42:21.520 --> 00:42:23.990 And and that person has so much in common with you." And so you've got to 2173 00:42:23.990 --> 00:42:24.000 common with you." And so you've got to 2174 00:42:24.000 --> 00:42:25.510 common with you." And so you've got to look at those people and say, "That 2175 00:42:25.510 --> 00:42:25.520 look at those people and say, "That 2176 00:42:25.520 --> 00:42:27.990 look at those people and say, "That could be me. I could be that wonderful 2177 00:42:27.990 --> 00:42:28.000 could be me. I could be that wonderful 2178 00:42:28.000 --> 00:42:31.190 could be me. I could be that wonderful person. I could be that shitty person." 2179 00:42:31.190 --> 00:42:31.200 person. I could be that shitty person." 2180 00:42:31.200 --> 00:42:33.109 person. I could be that shitty person." And you've got to decide who you're 2181 00:42:33.109 --> 00:42:33.119 And you've got to decide who you're 2182 00:42:33.119 --> 00:42:35.349 And you've got to decide who you're going to be. 2183 00:42:35.349 --> 00:42:35.359 going to be. 2184 00:42:35.359 --> 00:42:36.950 going to be. Now, James Baldwin, because of the way 2185 00:42:36.950 --> 00:42:36.960 Now, James Baldwin, because of the way 2186 00:42:36.960 --> 00:42:38.390 Now, James Baldwin, because of the way he'd been treated by this country for 2187 00:42:38.390 --> 00:42:38.400 he'd been treated by this country for 2188 00:42:38.400 --> 00:42:40.790 he'd been treated by this country for his race and other reasons, have been 2189 00:42:40.790 --> 00:42:40.800 his race and other reasons, have been 2190 00:42:40.800 --> 00:42:43.910 his race and other reasons, have been treated pretty shabily in America. 2191 00:42:43.910 --> 00:42:43.920 treated pretty shabily in America. 2192 00:42:43.920 --> 00:42:47.270 treated pretty shabily in America. He had every right to be calloused over. 2193 00:42:47.270 --> 00:42:47.280 He had every right to be calloused over. 2194 00:42:47.280 --> 00:42:50.230 He had every right to be calloused over. He had every right to be bitter. 2195 00:42:50.230 --> 00:42:50.240 He had every right to be bitter. 2196 00:42:50.240 --> 00:42:51.829 He had every right to be bitter. And sometimes he was bitter. Sometimes 2197 00:42:51.829 --> 00:42:51.839 And sometimes he was bitter. Sometimes 2198 00:42:51.839 --> 00:42:54.710 And sometimes he was bitter. Sometimes he was angry if you read his writing. 2199 00:42:54.710 --> 00:42:54.720 he was angry if you read his writing. 2200 00:42:54.720 --> 00:42:58.870 he was angry if you read his writing. But even in those this circumstance 2201 00:42:58.870 --> 00:42:58.880 But even in those this circumstance 2202 00:42:58.880 --> 00:43:01.670 But even in those this circumstance he was defend making a statement that's 2203 00:43:01.670 --> 00:43:01.680 he was defend making a statement that's 2204 00:43:01.680 --> 00:43:04.069 he was defend making a statement that's the ultimate source of humanism that 2205 00:43:04.069 --> 00:43:04.079 the ultimate source of humanism that 2206 00:43:04.079 --> 00:43:05.510 the ultimate source of humanism that every person you see you could be that 2207 00:43:05.510 --> 00:43:05.520 every person you see you could be that 2208 00:43:05.520 --> 00:43:07.829 every person you see you could be that person that person could be you. And the 2209 00:43:07.829 --> 00:43:07.839 person that person could be you. And the 2210 00:43:07.839 --> 00:43:09.270 person that person could be you. And the phrase that leapt in my mind when I saw 2211 00:43:09.270 --> 00:43:09.280 phrase that leapt in my mind when I saw 2212 00:43:09.280 --> 00:43:12.710 phrase that leapt in my mind when I saw that was defiant humanism. 2213 00:43:12.710 --> 00:43:12.720 that was defiant humanism. 2214 00:43:12.720 --> 00:43:15.109 that was defiant humanism. That even in the crulest and most 2215 00:43:15.109 --> 00:43:15.119 That even in the crulest and most 2216 00:43:15.119 --> 00:43:17.349 That even in the crulest and most resentful and suspicious and distrustful 2217 00:43:17.349 --> 00:43:17.359 resentful and suspicious and distrustful 2218 00:43:17.359 --> 00:43:19.910 resentful and suspicious and distrustful times, it's possible to say, "No, I'm 2219 00:43:19.910 --> 00:43:19.920 times, it's possible to say, "No, I'm 2220 00:43:19.920 --> 00:43:21.510 times, it's possible to say, "No, I'm standing for the higher virtues. I'm 2221 00:43:21.510 --> 00:43:21.520 standing for the higher virtues. I'm 2222 00:43:21.520 --> 00:43:23.270 standing for the higher virtues. I'm standing for the highest ideals. I'm 2223 00:43:23.270 --> 00:43:23.280 standing for the highest ideals. I'm 2224 00:43:23.280 --> 00:43:25.190 standing for the highest ideals. I'm standing for the deepest humility. And 2225 00:43:25.190 --> 00:43:25.200 standing for the deepest humility. And 2226 00:43:25.200 --> 00:43:27.670 standing for the deepest humility. And I'm standing for a cultural shift 2227 00:43:27.670 --> 00:43:27.680 I'm standing for a cultural shift 2228 00:43:27.680 --> 00:43:29.430 I'm standing for a cultural shift against resentment and toward 2229 00:43:29.430 --> 00:43:29.440 against resentment and toward 2230 00:43:29.440 --> 00:43:31.589 against resentment and toward admiration." 2231 00:43:31.589 --> 00:43:31.599 admiration." 2232 00:43:31.599 --> 00:43:33.430 admiration." And I think we're all called upon to do 2233 00:43:33.430 --> 00:43:33.440 And I think we're all called upon to do 2234 00:43:33.440 --> 00:43:50.069 And I think we're all called upon to do that today. Thank you. 2235 00:43:50.079 --> 00:43:52.309 I have time for comments and questions 2236 00:43:52.319 --> 00:43:54.710 I have time for comments and questions and as always make your questions long 2237 00:43:54.710 --> 00:43:54.720 and as always make your questions long 2238 00:43:54.720 --> 00:43:56.150 and as always make your questions long and rambling with no question at the 2239 00:43:56.150 --> 00:43:56.160 and rambling with no question at the 2240 00:43:56.160 --> 00:43:59.430 and rambling with no question at the end. 2241 00:43:59.440 --> 00:44:02.069 >> You talk about cultural shift. Can you 2242 00:44:02.079 --> 00:44:04.950 >> You talk about cultural shift. Can you identify any catalyst that might prompt 2243 00:44:04.950 --> 00:44:04.960 identify any catalyst that might prompt 2244 00:44:04.960 --> 00:44:07.510 identify any catalyst that might prompt it? 2245 00:44:07.520 --> 00:44:10.069 Mr. Rogers. 2246 00:44:10.079 --> 00:44:11.990 Mr. Rogers. I realize he's dead, but his when that 2247 00:44:11.990 --> 00:44:12.000 I realize he's dead, but his when that 2248 00:44:12.000 --> 00:44:13.270 I realize he's dead, but his when that movie came out a couple years ago, I 2249 00:44:13.270 --> 00:44:13.280 movie came out a couple years ago, I 2250 00:44:13.280 --> 00:44:14.470 movie came out a couple years ago, I don't know if you ever saw that movie, 2251 00:44:14.470 --> 00:44:14.480 don't know if you ever saw that movie, 2252 00:44:14.480 --> 00:44:16.069 don't know if you ever saw that movie, there was a documentary and a Tom Hanks 2253 00:44:16.069 --> 00:44:16.079 there was a documentary and a Tom Hanks 2254 00:44:16.079 --> 00:44:18.710 there was a documentary and a Tom Hanks feature. And I was just struck how 2255 00:44:18.710 --> 00:44:18.720 feature. And I was just struck how 2256 00:44:18.720 --> 00:44:20.630 feature. And I was just struck how people were 2257 00:44:20.630 --> 00:44:20.640 people were 2258 00:44:20.640 --> 00:44:23.910 people were they were crying. I was crying. People 2259 00:44:23.910 --> 00:44:23.920 they were crying. I was crying. People 2260 00:44:23.920 --> 00:44:27.829 they were crying. I was crying. People liked that image of goodness. 2261 00:44:27.829 --> 00:44:27.839 liked that image of goodness. 2262 00:44:27.839 --> 00:44:30.790 liked that image of goodness. And the second gospel I'll site is the 2263 00:44:30.790 --> 00:44:30.800 And the second gospel I'll site is the 2264 00:44:30.800 --> 00:44:33.910 And the second gospel I'll site is the gospel of Ted Lasso. 2265 00:44:33.910 --> 00:44:33.920 gospel of Ted Lasso. 2266 00:44:33.920 --> 00:44:36.150 gospel of Ted Lasso. I don't that show took off because there 2267 00:44:36.150 --> 00:44:36.160 I don't that show took off because there 2268 00:44:36.160 --> 00:44:39.190 I don't that show took off because there was just a guy who was good and he had a 2269 00:44:39.190 --> 00:44:39.200 was just a guy who was good and he had a 2270 00:44:39.200 --> 00:44:41.829 was just a guy who was good and he had a theory of moral formation 2271 00:44:41.829 --> 00:44:41.839 theory of moral formation 2272 00:44:41.839 --> 00:44:44.790 theory of moral formation which is that uh he was asked what do 2273 00:44:44.790 --> 00:44:44.800 which is that uh he was asked what do 2274 00:44:44.800 --> 00:44:46.870 which is that uh he was asked what do what do you um 2275 00:44:46.870 --> 00:44:46.880 what do you um 2276 00:44:46.880 --> 00:44:48.550 what do you um what version uh what do you hope for 2277 00:44:48.550 --> 00:44:48.560 what version uh what do you hope for 2278 00:44:48.560 --> 00:44:51.270 what version uh what do you hope for your team FC Richmond? He said our goals 2279 00:44:51.270 --> 00:44:51.280 your team FC Richmond? He said our goals 2280 00:44:51.280 --> 00:44:52.710 your team FC Richmond? He said our goals for this season is not to win a 2281 00:44:52.710 --> 00:44:52.720 for this season is not to win a 2282 00:44:52.720 --> 00:44:54.390 for this season is not to win a championship. It's help these young 2283 00:44:54.390 --> 00:44:54.400 championship. It's help these young 2284 00:44:54.400 --> 00:44:55.829 championship. It's help these young fellas become better versions of 2285 00:44:55.829 --> 00:44:55.839 fellas become better versions of 2286 00:44:55.839 --> 00:44:59.030 fellas become better versions of themselves on and off the field. 2287 00:44:59.030 --> 00:44:59.040 themselves on and off the field. 2288 00:44:59.040 --> 00:45:00.710 themselves on and off the field. That's a perfect definition of moral 2289 00:45:00.710 --> 00:45:00.720 That's a perfect definition of moral 2290 00:45:00.720 --> 00:45:03.270 That's a perfect definition of moral formation. People are hungering for 2291 00:45:03.270 --> 00:45:03.280 formation. People are hungering for 2292 00:45:03.280 --> 00:45:04.950 formation. People are hungering for that. 2293 00:45:04.950 --> 00:45:04.960 that. 2294 00:45:04.960 --> 00:45:07.109 that. Anybody who is out there lifting up 2295 00:45:07.109 --> 00:45:07.119 Anybody who is out there lifting up 2296 00:45:07.119 --> 00:45:09.349 Anybody who is out there lifting up spirits, uplift, 2297 00:45:09.349 --> 00:45:09.359 spirits, uplift, 2298 00:45:09.359 --> 00:45:13.430 spirits, uplift, people are ecstatic and hungry for that. 2299 00:45:13.430 --> 00:45:13.440 people are ecstatic and hungry for that. 2300 00:45:13.440 --> 00:45:15.829 people are ecstatic and hungry for that. Tomorrow, for the third time in my life, 2301 00:45:15.829 --> 00:45:15.839 Tomorrow, for the third time in my life, 2302 00:45:15.839 --> 00:45:18.710 Tomorrow, for the third time in my life, I'm getting interviewed by Oprah. 2303 00:45:18.710 --> 00:45:18.720 I'm getting interviewed by Oprah. 2304 00:45:18.720 --> 00:45:23.670 I'm getting interviewed by Oprah. Uh, and I I get to tell her about um 2305 00:45:23.670 --> 00:45:23.680 Uh, and I I get to tell her about um 2306 00:45:23.680 --> 00:45:27.510 Uh, and I I get to tell her about um tell her about Yale University. Um, and 2307 00:45:27.510 --> 00:45:27.520 tell her about Yale University. Um, and 2308 00:45:27.520 --> 00:45:28.870 tell her about Yale University. Um, and one of the things nice things about 2309 00:45:28.870 --> 00:45:28.880 one of the things nice things about 2310 00:45:28.880 --> 00:45:32.470 one of the things nice things about Oprah is she does uplift. 2311 00:45:32.470 --> 00:45:32.480 Oprah is she does uplift. 2312 00:45:32.480 --> 00:45:35.430 Oprah is she does uplift. And I I the two the sec first time I was 2313 00:45:35.430 --> 00:45:35.440 And I I the two the sec first time I was 2314 00:45:35.440 --> 00:45:37.190 And I I the two the sec first time I was interviewed her was in 2013. The second 2315 00:45:37.190 --> 00:45:37.200 interviewed her was in 2013. The second 2316 00:45:37.200 --> 00:45:39.589 interviewed her was in 2013. The second time was in 2019. And after the second 2317 00:45:39.589 --> 00:45:39.599 time was in 2019. And after the second 2318 00:45:39.599 --> 00:45:42.309 time was in 2019. And after the second interview, she says to me, "David, I've 2319 00:45:42.309 --> 00:45:42.319 interview, she says to me, "David, I've 2320 00:45:42.319 --> 00:45:43.510 interview, she says to me, "David, I've never seen anybody change so much 2321 00:45:43.510 --> 00:45:43.520 never seen anybody change so much 2322 00:45:43.520 --> 00:45:45.670 never seen anybody change so much before. You were so emotionally blocked 2323 00:45:45.670 --> 00:45:45.680 before. You were so emotionally blocked 2324 00:45:45.680 --> 00:45:47.510 before. You were so emotionally blocked before." 2325 00:45:47.510 --> 00:45:47.520 before." 2326 00:45:47.520 --> 00:45:49.030 before." And that was actually a good moment in 2327 00:45:49.030 --> 00:45:49.040 And that was actually a good moment in 2328 00:45:49.040 --> 00:45:52.470 And that was actually a good moment in my life because she's Oprah, right? She 2329 00:45:52.470 --> 00:45:52.480 my life because she's Oprah, right? She 2330 00:45:52.480 --> 00:45:56.150 my life because she's Oprah, right? She should know. But it shows. And the sign 2331 00:45:56.150 --> 00:45:56.160 should know. But it shows. And the sign 2332 00:45:56.160 --> 00:45:57.750 should know. But it shows. And the sign is you can change. It doesn't matter how 2333 00:45:57.750 --> 00:45:57.760 is you can change. It doesn't matter how 2334 00:45:57.760 --> 00:46:00.069 is you can change. It doesn't matter how old you are. Humans change through 2335 00:46:00.069 --> 00:46:00.079 old you are. Humans change through 2336 00:46:00.079 --> 00:46:01.990 old you are. Humans change through lifespan 2337 00:46:01.990 --> 00:46:02.000 lifespan 2338 00:46:02.000 --> 00:46:03.829 lifespan and we're older getting older as a 2339 00:46:03.829 --> 00:46:03.839 and we're older getting older as a 2340 00:46:03.839 --> 00:46:06.950 and we're older getting older as a country but the country can change and I 2341 00:46:06.950 --> 00:46:06.960 country but the country can change and I 2342 00:46:06.960 --> 00:46:08.550 country but the country can change and I just find there's a tremendous hunger 2343 00:46:08.550 --> 00:46:08.560 just find there's a tremendous hunger 2344 00:46:08.560 --> 00:46:11.430 just find there's a tremendous hunger for uplift of any variety even that 2345 00:46:11.430 --> 00:46:11.440 for uplift of any variety even that 2346 00:46:11.440 --> 00:46:14.390 for uplift of any variety even that Tracy Chapman Luke Combmes variety and 2347 00:46:14.390 --> 00:46:14.400 Tracy Chapman Luke Combmes variety and 2348 00:46:14.400 --> 00:46:16.069 Tracy Chapman Luke Combmes variety and and there's a market for that and a lot 2349 00:46:16.069 --> 00:46:16.079 and there's a market for that and a lot 2350 00:46:16.079 --> 00:46:17.910 and there's a market for that and a lot of Democrats think the way to beat Trump 2351 00:46:17.910 --> 00:46:17.920 of Democrats think the way to beat Trump 2352 00:46:17.920 --> 00:46:20.870 of Democrats think the way to beat Trump is to be like him only more leftwing. 2353 00:46:20.870 --> 00:46:20.880 is to be like him only more leftwing. 2354 00:46:20.880 --> 00:46:23.670 is to be like him only more leftwing. I just think that's so wrong. I just 2355 00:46:23.670 --> 00:46:23.680 I just think that's so wrong. I just 2356 00:46:23.680 --> 00:46:25.030 I just think that's so wrong. I just think people are going to want it. Just 2357 00:46:25.030 --> 00:46:25.040 think people are going to want it. Just 2358 00:46:25.040 --> 00:46:26.710 think people are going to want it. Just as after Watergate, people wanted Jimmy 2359 00:46:26.710 --> 00:46:26.720 as after Watergate, people wanted Jimmy 2360 00:46:26.720 --> 00:46:27.910 as after Watergate, people wanted Jimmy Carter, who they associated with 2361 00:46:27.910 --> 00:46:27.920 Carter, who they associated with 2362 00:46:27.920 --> 00:46:30.710 Carter, who they associated with integrity after living through the last 2363 00:46:30.710 --> 00:46:30.720 integrity after living through the last 2364 00:46:30.720 --> 00:46:33.270 integrity after living through the last 16 years, people are going to want a 2365 00:46:33.270 --> 00:46:33.280 16 years, people are going to want a 2366 00:46:33.280 --> 00:46:35.510 16 years, people are going to want a complete moral bath. 2367 00:46:35.510 --> 00:46:35.520 complete moral bath. 2368 00:46:35.520 --> 00:46:37.670 complete moral bath. And it the counterprogramming smart move 2369 00:46:37.670 --> 00:46:37.680 And it the counterprogramming smart move 2370 00:46:37.680 --> 00:46:40.390 And it the counterprogramming smart move to me for a Democratic candidate is to 2371 00:46:40.390 --> 00:46:40.400 to me for a Democratic candidate is to 2372 00:46:40.400 --> 00:46:43.670 to me for a Democratic candidate is to offer uplift. And it wasn't the time for 2373 00:46:43.670 --> 00:46:43.680 offer uplift. And it wasn't the time for 2374 00:46:43.680 --> 00:46:45.910 offer uplift. And it wasn't the time for say Cordy Booker or Pete Buddha Judge in 2375 00:46:45.910 --> 00:46:45.920 say Cordy Booker or Pete Buddha Judge in 2376 00:46:45.920 --> 00:46:49.670 say Cordy Booker or Pete Buddha Judge in 2020, but it may be the time in 2028 for 2377 00:46:49.670 --> 00:46:49.680 2020, but it may be the time in 2028 for 2378 00:46:49.680 --> 00:46:52.710 2020, but it may be the time in 2028 for that kind of I'm I'm different. You you 2379 00:46:52.710 --> 00:46:52.720 that kind of I'm I'm different. You you 2380 00:46:52.720 --> 00:46:55.270 that kind of I'm I'm different. You you you've had enough corruption. You've had 2381 00:46:55.270 --> 00:46:55.280 you've had enough corruption. You've had 2382 00:46:55.280 --> 00:46:57.670 you've had enough corruption. You've had enough sin. You've had enough 2383 00:46:57.670 --> 00:46:57.680 enough sin. You've had enough 2384 00:46:57.680 --> 00:47:01.510 enough sin. You've had enough resentment. Let's try a little hope. So, 2385 00:47:01.510 --> 00:47:01.520 resentment. Let's try a little hope. So, 2386 00:47:01.520 --> 00:47:04.630 resentment. Let's try a little hope. So, I see a question over there in the in 2387 00:47:04.630 --> 00:47:04.640 I see a question over there in the in 2388 00:47:04.640 --> 00:47:09.990 I see a question over there in the in the red sweater. 2389 00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:12.309 >> Hi, thank you so much for um your 2390 00:47:12.319 --> 00:47:14.710 >> Hi, thank you so much for um your lecture. I was wondering if you think um 2391 00:47:14.710 --> 00:47:14.720 lecture. I was wondering if you think um 2392 00:47:14.720 --> 00:47:17.990 lecture. I was wondering if you think um the election of mom Donnie is the 2393 00:47:17.990 --> 00:47:18.000 the election of mom Donnie is the 2394 00:47:18.000 --> 00:47:21.589 the election of mom Donnie is the beginning of this new cultural shift. I 2395 00:47:21.589 --> 00:47:21.599 beginning of this new cultural shift. I 2396 00:47:21.599 --> 00:47:26.390 beginning of this new cultural shift. I absolutely do. I agree with Mamani on 2397 00:47:26.390 --> 00:47:26.400 absolutely do. I agree with Mamani on 2398 00:47:26.400 --> 00:47:29.829 absolutely do. I agree with Mamani on if it's 10% of issues, I'd be surprised. 2399 00:47:29.829 --> 00:47:29.839 if it's 10% of issues, I'd be surprised. 2400 00:47:29.839 --> 00:47:33.510 if it's 10% of issues, I'd be surprised. And he watch that guy get interviewed. 2401 00:47:33.510 --> 00:47:33.520 And he watch that guy get interviewed. 2402 00:47:33.520 --> 00:47:36.710 And he watch that guy get interviewed. He smiles when he talks. He's having a 2403 00:47:36.710 --> 00:47:36.720 He smiles when he talks. He's having a 2404 00:47:36.720 --> 00:47:39.750 He smiles when he talks. He's having a good time. He's uplifting. He's happy. 2405 00:47:39.750 --> 00:47:39.760 good time. He's uplifting. He's happy. 2406 00:47:39.760 --> 00:47:41.349 good time. He's uplifting. He's happy. He's inspiring. He believes in the city. 2407 00:47:41.349 --> 00:47:41.359 He's inspiring. He believes in the city. 2408 00:47:41.359 --> 00:47:43.910 He's inspiring. He believes in the city. He believes in the people of the city. 2409 00:47:43.910 --> 00:47:43.920 He believes in the people of the city. 2410 00:47:43.920 --> 00:47:46.309 He believes in the people of the city. I just think you compare him to a lot of 2411 00:47:46.309 --> 00:47:46.319 I just think you compare him to a lot of 2412 00:47:46.319 --> 00:47:49.349 I just think you compare him to a lot of the angry Democrats, frankly, and 2413 00:47:49.349 --> 00:47:49.359 the angry Democrats, frankly, and 2414 00:47:49.359 --> 00:47:51.589 the angry Democrats, frankly, and there's a reason why he I think ran as 2415 00:47:51.589 --> 00:47:51.599 there's a reason why he I think ran as 2416 00:47:51.599 --> 00:47:53.990 there's a reason why he I think ran as such a magnetic campaign. So, as I 2417 00:47:53.990 --> 00:47:54.000 such a magnetic campaign. So, as I 2418 00:47:54.000 --> 00:47:55.270 such a magnetic campaign. So, as I saying, it's not about policy. I don't 2419 00:47:55.270 --> 00:47:55.280 saying, it's not about policy. I don't 2420 00:47:55.280 --> 00:47:56.630 saying, it's not about policy. I don't agree with him on rent control, his tax 2421 00:47:56.630 --> 00:47:56.640 agree with him on rent control, his tax 2422 00:47:56.640 --> 00:47:58.069 agree with him on rent control, his tax policy. I don't agree on any of that 2423 00:47:58.069 --> 00:47:58.079 policy. I don't agree on any of that 2424 00:47:58.079 --> 00:47:59.589 policy. I don't agree on any of that stuff, 2425 00:47:59.589 --> 00:47:59.599 stuff, 2426 00:47:59.599 --> 00:48:02.309 stuff, but I love watching the guy talk because 2427 00:48:02.309 --> 00:48:02.319 but I love watching the guy talk because 2428 00:48:02.319 --> 00:48:04.069 but I love watching the guy talk because he reminds me of somebody who loves a 2429 00:48:04.069 --> 00:48:04.079 he reminds me of somebody who loves a 2430 00:48:04.079 --> 00:48:05.670 he reminds me of somebody who loves a city and wants to do good right by a 2431 00:48:05.670 --> 00:48:05.680 city and wants to do good right by a 2432 00:48:05.680 --> 00:48:08.230 city and wants to do good right by a city and he wants to do right by all the 2433 00:48:08.230 --> 00:48:08.240 city and he wants to do right by all the 2434 00:48:08.240 --> 00:48:10.150 city and he wants to do right by all the cities. 2435 00:48:10.150 --> 00:48:10.160 cities. 2436 00:48:10.160 --> 00:48:11.990 cities. And also I was there on the day it there 2437 00:48:11.990 --> 00:48:12.000 And also I was there on the day it there 2438 00:48:12.000 --> 00:48:14.630 And also I was there on the day it there were it's 24 inches of snow fell and the 2439 00:48:14.630 --> 00:48:14.640 were it's 24 inches of snow fell and the 2440 00:48:14.640 --> 00:48:15.829 were it's 24 inches of snow fell and the streets were cleaned. I was very 2441 00:48:15.829 --> 00:48:15.839 streets were cleaned. I was very 2442 00:48:15.839 --> 00:48:17.829 streets were cleaned. I was very impressed. 2443 00:48:17.829 --> 00:48:17.839 impressed. 2444 00:48:17.839 --> 00:48:20.710 impressed. So I'm a political foe of Mamani and a 2445 00:48:20.710 --> 00:48:20.720 So I'm a political foe of Mamani and a 2446 00:48:20.720 --> 00:48:22.710 So I'm a political foe of Mamani and a personal admirer and I think he's part 2447 00:48:22.710 --> 00:48:22.720 personal admirer and I think he's part 2448 00:48:22.720 --> 00:48:25.589 personal admirer and I think he's part of the change 2449 00:48:25.589 --> 00:48:25.599 of the change 2450 00:48:25.599 --> 00:48:30.069 of the change maybe in the front right here. 2451 00:48:30.079 --> 00:48:32.710 >> Thank you so much. Um, I know you're a 2452 00:48:32.720 --> 00:48:35.190 >> Thank you so much. Um, I know you're a reader of Victor Frankle and one of my 2453 00:48:35.190 --> 00:48:35.200 reader of Victor Frankle and one of my 2454 00:48:35.200 --> 00:48:36.790 reader of Victor Frankle and one of my favorite quotes from him is when he 2455 00:48:36.790 --> 00:48:36.800 favorite quotes from him is when he 2456 00:48:36.800 --> 00:48:39.910 favorite quotes from him is when he talks about how um, success must ensue 2457 00:48:39.910 --> 00:48:39.920 talks about how um, success must ensue 2458 00:48:39.920 --> 00:48:41.990 talks about how um, success must ensue as the pursuit of something bigger than 2459 00:48:41.990 --> 00:48:42.000 as the pursuit of something bigger than 2460 00:48:42.000 --> 00:48:45.510 as the pursuit of something bigger than yourself. And I was curious how you 2461 00:48:45.510 --> 00:48:45.520 yourself. And I was curious how you 2462 00:48:45.520 --> 00:48:48.309 yourself. And I was curious how you think that works with the glimmer that 2463 00:48:48.309 --> 00:48:48.319 think that works with the glimmer that 2464 00:48:48.319 --> 00:48:49.589 think that works with the glimmer that you get in your eyes that you talked 2465 00:48:49.589 --> 00:48:49.599 you get in your eyes that you talked 2466 00:48:49.599 --> 00:48:52.230 you get in your eyes that you talked about last week and also trying to do 2467 00:48:52.230 --> 00:48:52.240 about last week and also trying to do 2468 00:48:52.240 --> 00:48:54.150 about last week and also trying to do better for your country. 2469 00:48:54.150 --> 00:48:54.160 better for your country. 2470 00:48:54.160 --> 00:48:56.549 better for your country. >> Yeah, I the I talked for those who 2471 00:48:56.549 --> 00:48:56.559 >> Yeah, I the I talked for those who 2472 00:48:56.559 --> 00:48:58.790 >> Yeah, I the I talked for those who weren't here last week about the gleam, 2473 00:48:58.790 --> 00:48:58.800 weren't here last week about the gleam, 2474 00:48:58.800 --> 00:49:01.270 weren't here last week about the gleam, the ambition in somebody's eyes. 2475 00:49:01.270 --> 00:49:01.280 the ambition in somebody's eyes. 2476 00:49:01.280 --> 00:49:02.950 the ambition in somebody's eyes. And it can be in a poor kid. It could be 2477 00:49:02.950 --> 00:49:02.960 And it can be in a poor kid. It could be 2478 00:49:02.960 --> 00:49:04.870 And it can be in a poor kid. It could be an affluent kid. But that I'm going to 2479 00:49:04.870 --> 00:49:04.880 an affluent kid. But that I'm going to 2480 00:49:04.880 --> 00:49:06.470 an affluent kid. But that I'm going to make a difference in the world. I think 2481 00:49:06.470 --> 00:49:06.480 make a difference in the world. I think 2482 00:49:06.480 --> 00:49:08.790 make a difference in the world. I think it's that gleam is not only for career 2483 00:49:08.790 --> 00:49:08.800 it's that gleam is not only for career 2484 00:49:08.800 --> 00:49:11.990 it's that gleam is not only for career success. I think that gleam is an 2485 00:49:11.990 --> 00:49:12.000 success. I think that gleam is an 2486 00:49:12.000 --> 00:49:14.950 success. I think that gleam is an assertion. I'm going to live a life of 2487 00:49:14.950 --> 00:49:14.960 assertion. I'm going to live a life of 2488 00:49:14.960 --> 00:49:16.790 assertion. I'm going to live a life of true value. 2489 00:49:16.790 --> 00:49:16.800 true value. 2490 00:49:16.800 --> 00:49:19.349 true value. It's not just about the money. It's 2491 00:49:19.349 --> 00:49:19.359 It's not just about the money. It's 2492 00:49:19.359 --> 00:49:21.430 It's not just about the money. It's about, you know, I mentioned this ladder 2493 00:49:21.430 --> 00:49:21.440 about, you know, I mentioned this ladder 2494 00:49:21.440 --> 00:49:24.230 about, you know, I mentioned this ladder of loves that we all have a sense that 2495 00:49:24.230 --> 00:49:24.240 of loves that we all have a sense that 2496 00:49:24.240 --> 00:49:25.990 of loves that we all have a sense that some of our desires are higher than 2497 00:49:25.990 --> 00:49:26.000 some of our desires are higher than 2498 00:49:26.000 --> 00:49:28.549 some of our desires are higher than others. Plato took advantage of this. He 2499 00:49:28.549 --> 00:49:28.559 others. Plato took advantage of this. He 2500 00:49:28.559 --> 00:49:30.710 others. Plato took advantage of this. He said, "The way you educate the young is 2501 00:49:30.710 --> 00:49:30.720 said, "The way you educate the young is 2502 00:49:30.720 --> 00:49:33.589 said, "The way you educate the young is you show them a beautiful face." Uh, and 2503 00:49:33.589 --> 00:49:33.599 you show them a beautiful face." Uh, and 2504 00:49:33.599 --> 00:49:34.790 you show them a beautiful face." Uh, and when they see that beauty, they'll 2505 00:49:34.790 --> 00:49:34.800 when they see that beauty, they'll 2506 00:49:34.800 --> 00:49:36.150 when they see that beauty, they'll realize there's a higher beauty, which 2507 00:49:36.150 --> 00:49:36.160 realize there's a higher beauty, which 2508 00:49:36.160 --> 00:49:39.349 realize there's a higher beauty, which is a beautiful person. And when they see 2509 00:49:39.349 --> 00:49:39.359 is a beautiful person. And when they see 2510 00:49:39.359 --> 00:49:40.790 is a beautiful person. And when they see that, they'll see there's an even higher 2511 00:49:40.790 --> 00:49:40.800 that, they'll see there's an even higher 2512 00:49:40.800 --> 00:49:43.030 that, they'll see there's an even higher beauty, which is the pursuit of truth 2513 00:49:43.030 --> 00:49:43.040 beauty, which is the pursuit of truth 2514 00:49:43.040 --> 00:49:45.190 beauty, which is the pursuit of truth and wisdom. And when they see that 2515 00:49:45.190 --> 00:49:45.200 and wisdom. And when they see that 2516 00:49:45.200 --> 00:49:46.470 and wisdom. And when they see that beauty, they'll see an even higher 2517 00:49:46.470 --> 00:49:46.480 beauty, they'll see an even higher 2518 00:49:46.480 --> 00:49:49.349 beauty, they'll see an even higher beauty, which is the pursuit of justice. 2519 00:49:49.349 --> 00:49:49.359 beauty, which is the pursuit of justice. 2520 00:49:49.359 --> 00:49:50.549 beauty, which is the pursuit of justice. And they'll realize there's an even 2521 00:49:50.549 --> 00:49:50.559 And they'll realize there's an even 2522 00:49:50.559 --> 00:49:52.790 And they'll realize there's an even higher beauty, which is the transcendent 2523 00:49:52.790 --> 00:49:52.800 higher beauty, which is the transcendent 2524 00:49:52.800 --> 00:49:54.150 higher beauty, which is the transcendent beauty of the universe from which 2525 00:49:54.150 --> 00:49:54.160 beauty of the universe from which 2526 00:49:54.160 --> 00:49:56.069 beauty of the universe from which nothing can be taken and nothing can be 2527 00:49:56.069 --> 00:49:56.079 nothing can be taken and nothing can be 2528 00:49:56.079 --> 00:49:58.470 nothing can be taken and nothing can be added. And so it's called the ladder of 2529 00:49:58.470 --> 00:49:58.480 added. And so it's called the ladder of 2530 00:49:58.480 --> 00:50:01.030 added. And so it's called the ladder of loves. And I think when people are 2531 00:50:01.030 --> 00:50:01.040 loves. And I think when people are 2532 00:50:01.040 --> 00:50:03.190 loves. And I think when people are ambitious in the best way, they want to 2533 00:50:03.190 --> 00:50:03.200 ambitious in the best way, they want to 2534 00:50:03.200 --> 00:50:05.670 ambitious in the best way, they want to ascend that ladder of loves. They want 2535 00:50:05.670 --> 00:50:05.680 ascend that ladder of loves. They want 2536 00:50:05.680 --> 00:50:09.030 ascend that ladder of loves. They want to chase those ideals. And Frankle was a 2537 00:50:09.030 --> 00:50:09.040 to chase those ideals. And Frankle was a 2538 00:50:09.040 --> 00:50:10.630 to chase those ideals. And Frankle was a psychiatrist who was set in a Nazi 2539 00:50:10.630 --> 00:50:10.640 psychiatrist who was set in a Nazi 2540 00:50:10.640 --> 00:50:13.349 psychiatrist who was set in a Nazi concentration camp, a bunch of them. And 2541 00:50:13.349 --> 00:50:13.359 concentration camp, a bunch of them. And 2542 00:50:13.359 --> 00:50:15.190 concentration camp, a bunch of them. And he had a few propositions, a few things 2543 00:50:15.190 --> 00:50:15.200 he had a few propositions, a few things 2544 00:50:15.200 --> 00:50:19.430 he had a few propositions, a few things he learned there. One that when you take 2545 00:50:19.430 --> 00:50:19.440 he learned there. One that when you take 2546 00:50:19.440 --> 00:50:22.230 he learned there. One that when you take everything away from people, what is 2547 00:50:22.230 --> 00:50:22.240 everything away from people, what is 2548 00:50:22.240 --> 00:50:23.750 everything away from people, what is remaining? And he says what we talked 2549 00:50:23.750 --> 00:50:23.760 remaining? And he says what we talked 2550 00:50:23.760 --> 00:50:25.589 remaining? And he says what we talked about in the camps was food and 2551 00:50:25.589 --> 00:50:25.599 about in the camps was food and 2552 00:50:25.599 --> 00:50:27.190 about in the camps was food and spirituality. 2553 00:50:27.190 --> 00:50:27.200 spirituality. 2554 00:50:27.200 --> 00:50:30.470 spirituality. So Abraham Maslau was wrong. Maslau says 2555 00:50:30.470 --> 00:50:30.480 So Abraham Maslau was wrong. Maslau says 2556 00:50:30.480 --> 00:50:32.549 So Abraham Maslau was wrong. Maslau says we need to have a some financial 2557 00:50:32.549 --> 00:50:32.559 we need to have a some financial 2558 00:50:32.559 --> 00:50:34.309 we need to have a some financial security before we can worry about 2559 00:50:34.309 --> 00:50:34.319 security before we can worry about 2560 00:50:34.319 --> 00:50:37.349 security before we can worry about spiritual security. That is wrong. It 2561 00:50:37.349 --> 00:50:37.359 spiritual security. That is wrong. It 2562 00:50:37.359 --> 00:50:38.549 spiritual security. That is wrong. It was wrong in the camps. I've been to 2563 00:50:38.549 --> 00:50:38.559 was wrong in the camps. I've been to 2564 00:50:38.559 --> 00:50:40.390 was wrong in the camps. I've been to poor places all around the world and 2565 00:50:40.390 --> 00:50:40.400 poor places all around the world and 2566 00:50:40.400 --> 00:50:42.150 poor places all around the world and poor people are just as curious and 2567 00:50:42.150 --> 00:50:42.160 poor people are just as curious and 2568 00:50:42.160 --> 00:50:43.750 poor people are just as curious and interested in their spiritual growth as 2569 00:50:43.750 --> 00:50:43.760 interested in their spiritual growth as 2570 00:50:43.760 --> 00:50:46.950 interested in their spiritual growth as as any rich person and probably more so. 2571 00:50:46.950 --> 00:50:46.960 as any rich person and probably more so. 2572 00:50:46.960 --> 00:50:49.190 as any rich person and probably more so. The second thing is the people who 2573 00:50:49.190 --> 00:50:49.200 The second thing is the people who 2574 00:50:49.200 --> 00:50:52.230 The second thing is the people who survived the camps had something outside 2575 00:50:52.230 --> 00:50:52.240 survived the camps had something outside 2576 00:50:52.240 --> 00:50:54.150 survived the camps had something outside the camp. They would had devoted their 2577 00:50:54.150 --> 00:50:54.160 the camp. They would had devoted their 2578 00:50:54.160 --> 00:50:57.829 the camp. They would had devoted their life to a book project, a spouse, some 2579 00:50:57.829 --> 00:50:57.839 life to a book project, a spouse, some 2580 00:50:57.839 --> 00:51:00.069 life to a book project, a spouse, some sort of commitment. And so they had a 2581 00:51:00.069 --> 00:51:00.079 sort of commitment. And so they had a 2582 00:51:00.079 --> 00:51:02.390 sort of commitment. And so they had a sense of purpose and meaning. And so he 2583 00:51:02.390 --> 00:51:02.400 sense of purpose and meaning. And so he 2584 00:51:02.400 --> 00:51:04.230 sense of purpose and meaning. And so he says the primary motivation of human 2585 00:51:04.230 --> 00:51:04.240 says the primary motivation of human 2586 00:51:04.240 --> 00:51:06.549 says the primary motivation of human beings is not for status, it's not for 2587 00:51:06.549 --> 00:51:06.559 beings is not for status, it's not for 2588 00:51:06.559 --> 00:51:09.349 beings is not for status, it's not for money, it's for purpose and meaning. 2589 00:51:09.349 --> 00:51:09.359 money, it's for purpose and meaning. 2590 00:51:09.359 --> 00:51:11.910 money, it's for purpose and meaning. The third thing he attests to is the 2591 00:51:11.910 --> 00:51:11.920 The third thing he attests to is the 2592 00:51:11.920 --> 00:51:14.150 The third thing he attests to is the idea that you can derive purpose and 2593 00:51:14.150 --> 00:51:14.160 idea that you can derive purpose and 2594 00:51:14.160 --> 00:51:15.990 idea that you can derive purpose and meaning from the way you respond to 2595 00:51:15.990 --> 00:51:16.000 meaning from the way you respond to 2596 00:51:16.000 --> 00:51:19.030 meaning from the way you respond to suffering. If you respond in a dignified 2597 00:51:19.030 --> 00:51:19.040 suffering. If you respond in a dignified 2598 00:51:19.040 --> 00:51:21.990 suffering. If you respond in a dignified way, that's a source of meaning. And 2599 00:51:21.990 --> 00:51:22.000 way, that's a source of meaning. And 2600 00:51:22.000 --> 00:51:23.589 way, that's a source of meaning. And then the final thing he says that I'll 2601 00:51:23.589 --> 00:51:23.599 then the final thing he says that I'll 2602 00:51:23.599 --> 00:51:27.589 then the final thing he says that I'll mention here is that you don't find your 2603 00:51:27.589 --> 00:51:27.599 mention here is that you don't find your 2604 00:51:27.599 --> 00:51:30.309 mention here is that you don't find your purpose and your meaning by asking what 2605 00:51:30.309 --> 00:51:30.319 purpose and your meaning by asking what 2606 00:51:30.319 --> 00:51:32.390 purpose and your meaning by asking what do I want from life? Because Frankle 2607 00:51:32.390 --> 00:51:32.400 do I want from life? Because Frankle 2608 00:51:32.400 --> 00:51:34.069 do I want from life? Because Frankle didn't ask to be put in a concentration 2609 00:51:34.069 --> 00:51:34.079 didn't ask to be put in a concentration 2610 00:51:34.079 --> 00:51:36.950 didn't ask to be put in a concentration camp. He says what is life asking of me? 2611 00:51:36.950 --> 00:51:36.960 camp. He says what is life asking of me? 2612 00:51:36.960 --> 00:51:40.309 camp. He says what is life asking of me? what problem is life asking of me? 2613 00:51:40.309 --> 00:51:40.319 what problem is life asking of me? 2614 00:51:40.319 --> 00:51:41.670 what problem is life asking of me? And so you got to go out to where the 2615 00:51:41.670 --> 00:51:41.680 And so you got to go out to where the 2616 00:51:41.680 --> 00:51:43.990 And so you got to go out to where the problems are. And it's hard to find a 2617 00:51:43.990 --> 00:51:44.000 problems are. And it's hard to find a 2618 00:51:44.000 --> 00:51:45.990 problems are. And it's hard to find a sense of purpose and meaning in life at 2619 00:51:45.990 --> 00:51:46.000 sense of purpose and meaning in life at 2620 00:51:46.000 --> 00:51:49.109 sense of purpose and meaning in life at an office in McKenzie, frankly. 2621 00:51:49.109 --> 00:51:49.119 an office in McKenzie, frankly. 2622 00:51:49.119 --> 00:51:51.430 an office in McKenzie, frankly. No offense to McKenzie. 2623 00:51:51.430 --> 00:51:51.440 No offense to McKenzie. 2624 00:51:51.440 --> 00:51:53.109 No offense to McKenzie. Um 2625 00:51:53.109 --> 00:51:53.119 Um 2626 00:51:53.119 --> 00:51:55.750 Um uh but so I gave that advice at Swany 2627 00:51:55.750 --> 00:51:55.760 uh but so I gave that advice at Swany 2628 00:51:55.760 --> 00:51:57.270 uh but so I gave that advice at Swany University a couple years ago and a 2629 00:51:57.270 --> 00:51:57.280 University a couple years ago and a 2630 00:51:57.280 --> 00:51:58.630 University a couple years ago and a woman called me a month a few months 2631 00:51:58.630 --> 00:51:58.640 woman called me a month a few months 2632 00:51:58.640 --> 00:51:59.910 woman called me a month a few months later and said, "Professor Brooks, I 2633 00:51:59.910 --> 00:51:59.920 later and said, "Professor Brooks, I 2634 00:51:59.920 --> 00:52:01.349 later and said, "Professor Brooks, I just want you to know I've quit my job. 2635 00:52:01.349 --> 00:52:01.359 just want you to know I've quit my job. 2636 00:52:01.359 --> 00:52:03.030 just want you to know I've quit my job. I'm walking around Washington DC looking 2637 00:52:03.030 --> 00:52:03.040 I'm walking around Washington DC looking 2638 00:52:03.040 --> 00:52:06.790 I'm walking around Washington DC looking for my problem. 2639 00:52:06.800 --> 00:52:08.230 I was like, "Don't take me that 2640 00:52:08.240 --> 00:52:11.670 I was like, "Don't take me that literally." Uh, but but I do think he's 2641 00:52:11.670 --> 00:52:11.680 literally." Uh, but but I do think he's 2642 00:52:11.680 --> 00:52:16.470 literally." Uh, but but I do think he's right. And that I think the the job of 2643 00:52:16.470 --> 00:52:16.480 right. And that I think the the job of 2644 00:52:16.480 --> 00:52:19.190 right. And that I think the the job of this place is to give students things to 2645 00:52:19.190 --> 00:52:19.200 this place is to give students things to 2646 00:52:19.200 --> 00:52:20.790 this place is to give students things to love that are higher even than a nice 2647 00:52:20.790 --> 00:52:20.800 love that are higher even than a nice 2648 00:52:20.800 --> 00:52:23.990 love that are higher even than a nice job of McKenzie, which is fine. 2649 00:52:23.990 --> 00:52:24.000 job of McKenzie, which is fine. 2650 00:52:24.000 --> 00:52:26.309 job of McKenzie, which is fine. Uh, and I do think if you don't the the 2651 00:52:26.309 --> 00:52:26.319 Uh, and I do think if you don't the the 2652 00:52:26.319 --> 00:52:29.430 Uh, and I do think if you don't the the gleam, the ambition is not primarily a 2653 00:52:29.430 --> 00:52:29.440 gleam, the ambition is not primarily a 2654 00:52:29.440 --> 00:52:30.870 gleam, the ambition is not primarily a material ambition. That's cutting off 2655 00:52:30.870 --> 00:52:30.880 material ambition. That's cutting off 2656 00:52:30.880 --> 00:52:33.030 material ambition. That's cutting off the high value system. 2657 00:52:33.030 --> 00:52:33.040 the high value system. 2658 00:52:33.040 --> 00:52:34.309 the high value system. If you really are attached to the 2659 00:52:34.309 --> 00:52:34.319 If you really are attached to the 2660 00:52:34.319 --> 00:52:36.390 If you really are attached to the highest of values, your ambition is a 2661 00:52:36.390 --> 00:52:36.400 highest of values, your ambition is a 2662 00:52:36.400 --> 00:52:38.150 highest of values, your ambition is a sort of spiritual ambition, which is 2663 00:52:38.150 --> 00:52:38.160 sort of spiritual ambition, which is 2664 00:52:38.160 --> 00:52:41.750 sort of spiritual ambition, which is what Franco was talking about. 2665 00:52:41.750 --> 00:52:41.760 what Franco was talking about. 2666 00:52:41.760 --> 00:52:45.030 what Franco was talking about. Um, maybe I'll give you some work on 2667 00:52:45.030 --> 00:52:45.040 Um, maybe I'll give you some work on 2668 00:52:45.040 --> 00:52:49.190 Um, maybe I'll give you some work on that side. Now, 2669 00:52:49.200 --> 00:52:51.430 >> thank you for your your wonderful, you 2670 00:52:51.440 --> 00:52:53.430 >> thank you for your your wonderful, you know, 2671 00:52:53.430 --> 00:52:53.440 know, 2672 00:52:53.440 --> 00:52:57.190 know, I'm just so happy to be here. Uh 2673 00:52:57.190 --> 00:52:57.200 I'm just so happy to be here. Uh 2674 00:52:57.200 --> 00:53:00.870 I'm just so happy to be here. Uh but uh I'm thinking about the no kings 2675 00:53:00.870 --> 00:53:00.880 but uh I'm thinking about the no kings 2676 00:53:00.880 --> 00:53:03.190 but uh I'm thinking about the no kings just demonstrations and the and the 2677 00:53:03.190 --> 00:53:03.200 just demonstrations and the and the 2678 00:53:03.200 --> 00:53:06.150 just demonstrations and the and the amount of love coming out of Minnesota 2679 00:53:06.150 --> 00:53:06.160 amount of love coming out of Minnesota 2680 00:53:06.160 --> 00:53:08.870 amount of love coming out of Minnesota and and it's kind of getting in into 2681 00:53:08.870 --> 00:53:08.880 and and it's kind of getting in into 2682 00:53:08.880 --> 00:53:12.069 and and it's kind of getting in into part parts of our our communities all 2683 00:53:12.069 --> 00:53:12.079 part parts of our our communities all 2684 00:53:12.079 --> 00:53:14.950 part parts of our our communities all over the country. And I think that we 2685 00:53:14.950 --> 00:53:14.960 over the country. And I think that we 2686 00:53:14.960 --> 00:53:20.309 over the country. And I think that we are on on a shift, a positive one. And 2687 00:53:20.309 --> 00:53:20.319 are on on a shift, a positive one. And 2688 00:53:20.319 --> 00:53:23.510 are on on a shift, a positive one. And I'm I'm very excited about it. And I was 2689 00:53:23.510 --> 00:53:23.520 I'm I'm very excited about it. And I was 2690 00:53:23.520 --> 00:53:25.109 I'm I'm very excited about it. And I was just thinking what what you what you 2691 00:53:25.109 --> 00:53:25.119 just thinking what what you what you 2692 00:53:25.119 --> 00:53:27.030 just thinking what what you what you think about those those pre those 2693 00:53:27.030 --> 00:53:27.040 think about those those pre those 2694 00:53:27.040 --> 00:53:29.589 think about those those pre those demonstrations. I mean the idea of 2695 00:53:29.589 --> 00:53:29.599 demonstrations. I mean the idea of 2696 00:53:29.599 --> 00:53:31.990 demonstrations. I mean the idea of having fun like going out and having 2697 00:53:31.990 --> 00:53:32.000 having fun like going out and having 2698 00:53:32.000 --> 00:53:34.069 having fun like going out and having putting on like 2699 00:53:34.069 --> 00:53:34.079 putting on like 2700 00:53:34.079 --> 00:53:36.390 putting on like you know these these these costumes that 2701 00:53:36.390 --> 00:53:36.400 you know these these these costumes that 2702 00:53:36.400 --> 00:53:39.270 you know these these these costumes that are and they're dancing with you and 2703 00:53:39.270 --> 00:53:39.280 are and they're dancing with you and 2704 00:53:39.280 --> 00:53:41.829 are and they're dancing with you and it's just beautiful. It's beautiful. So, 2705 00:53:41.829 --> 00:53:41.839 it's just beautiful. It's beautiful. So, 2706 00:53:41.839 --> 00:53:43.349 it's just beautiful. It's beautiful. So, um, 2707 00:53:43.349 --> 00:53:43.359 um, 2708 00:53:43.359 --> 00:53:46.870 um, you know, I noticed that like I I I 2709 00:53:46.870 --> 00:53:46.880 you know, I noticed that like I I I 2710 00:53:46.880 --> 00:53:50.549 you know, I noticed that like I I I became a Catholic nine years ago and I 2711 00:53:50.549 --> 00:53:50.559 became a Catholic nine years ago and I 2712 00:53:50.559 --> 00:53:52.870 became a Catholic nine years ago and I didn't know about Catholicism and I 2713 00:53:52.870 --> 00:53:52.880 didn't know about Catholicism and I 2714 00:53:52.880 --> 00:53:55.670 didn't know about Catholicism and I thought I I'll never go to that church. 2715 00:53:55.670 --> 00:53:55.680 thought I I'll never go to that church. 2716 00:53:55.680 --> 00:53:57.670 thought I I'll never go to that church. Never because of what they did and all 2717 00:53:57.670 --> 00:53:57.680 Never because of what they did and all 2718 00:53:57.680 --> 00:53:59.430 Never because of what they did and all this all this stuff. And it's like but 2719 00:53:59.430 --> 00:53:59.440 this all this stuff. And it's like but 2720 00:53:59.440 --> 00:54:02.470 this all this stuff. And it's like but it it's like you know I found I kind of 2721 00:54:02.470 --> 00:54:02.480 it it's like you know I found I kind of 2722 00:54:02.480 --> 00:54:06.870 it it's like you know I found I kind of found my my my spir my spirituality 2723 00:54:06.870 --> 00:54:06.880 found my my my spir my spirituality 2724 00:54:06.880 --> 00:54:09.030 found my my my spir my spirituality >> and um 2725 00:54:09.030 --> 00:54:09.040 >> and um 2726 00:54:09.040 --> 00:54:11.910 >> and um and so I'm I'm really uh I'm really 2727 00:54:11.910 --> 00:54:11.920 and so I'm I'm really uh I'm really 2728 00:54:11.920 --> 00:54:16.870 and so I'm I'm really uh I'm really impressed by how we can always change 2729 00:54:16.870 --> 00:54:16.880 impressed by how we can always change 2730 00:54:16.880 --> 00:54:18.309 impressed by how we can always change >> for the better. 2731 00:54:18.309 --> 00:54:18.319 >> for the better. 2732 00:54:18.319 --> 00:54:20.870 >> for the better. So on on No Kings, I I was also 2733 00:54:20.870 --> 00:54:20.880 So on on No Kings, I I was also 2734 00:54:20.880 --> 00:54:23.510 So on on No Kings, I I was also impressed by them because 2735 00:54:23.510 --> 00:54:23.520 impressed by them because 2736 00:54:23.520 --> 00:54:25.829 impressed by them because when you do a protest movement, if you 2737 00:54:25.829 --> 00:54:25.839 when you do a protest movement, if you 2738 00:54:25.839 --> 00:54:27.829 when you do a protest movement, if you can do it in a way a that's joyful and b 2739 00:54:27.829 --> 00:54:27.839 can do it in a way a that's joyful and b 2740 00:54:27.839 --> 00:54:29.750 can do it in a way a that's joyful and b that's self-disciplined, then you put 2741 00:54:29.750 --> 00:54:29.760 that's self-disciplined, then you put 2742 00:54:29.760 --> 00:54:32.230 that's self-disciplined, then you put the regime in an impossible position. 2743 00:54:32.230 --> 00:54:32.240 the regime in an impossible position. 2744 00:54:32.240 --> 00:54:34.470 the regime in an impossible position. They either have to let you do your 2745 00:54:34.470 --> 00:54:34.480 They either have to let you do your 2746 00:54:34.480 --> 00:54:36.710 They either have to let you do your thing, in which case you own the 2747 00:54:36.710 --> 00:54:36.720 thing, in which case you own the 2748 00:54:36.720 --> 00:54:39.190 thing, in which case you own the streets, or they have to crack down on 2749 00:54:39.190 --> 00:54:39.200 streets, or they have to crack down on 2750 00:54:39.200 --> 00:54:40.710 streets, or they have to crack down on you, in which case they de they 2751 00:54:40.710 --> 00:54:40.720 you, in which case they de they 2752 00:54:40.720 --> 00:54:42.790 you, in which case they de they demonstrate their own incivil, their own 2753 00:54:42.790 --> 00:54:42.800 demonstrate their own incivil, their own 2754 00:54:42.800 --> 00:54:45.109 demonstrate their own incivil, their own savagery. And the civil rights movement 2755 00:54:45.109 --> 00:54:45.119 savagery. And the civil rights movement 2756 00:54:45.119 --> 00:54:46.390 savagery. And the civil rights movement was an example of this. I thought no 2757 00:54:46.390 --> 00:54:46.400 was an example of this. I thought no 2758 00:54:46.400 --> 00:54:49.109 was an example of this. I thought no kings, especially the early uh Minnesota 2759 00:54:49.109 --> 00:54:49.119 kings, especially the early uh Minnesota 2760 00:54:49.119 --> 00:54:52.309 kings, especially the early uh Minnesota ones were a perfect example. And I like 2761 00:54:52.309 --> 00:54:52.319 ones were a perfect example. And I like 2762 00:54:52.319 --> 00:54:54.549 ones were a perfect example. And I like them because I'm a centerrite guy and I 2763 00:54:54.549 --> 00:54:54.559 them because I'm a centerrite guy and I 2764 00:54:54.559 --> 00:54:57.750 them because I'm a centerrite guy and I felt comfortable there. 2765 00:54:57.750 --> 00:54:57.760 felt comfortable there. 2766 00:54:57.760 --> 00:54:59.430 felt comfortable there. And if you're waving a flag, I feel 2767 00:54:59.430 --> 00:54:59.440 And if you're waving a flag, I feel 2768 00:54:59.440 --> 00:55:01.829 And if you're waving a flag, I feel comfortable. I'm getting a little 2769 00:55:01.829 --> 00:55:01.839 comfortable. I'm getting a little 2770 00:55:01.839 --> 00:55:04.549 comfortable. I'm getting a little worried. The last round it was like 2771 00:55:04.549 --> 00:55:04.559 worried. The last round it was like 2772 00:55:04.559 --> 00:55:08.790 worried. The last round it was like Bernie Sanders, Jane Fonda, Joan Bayz. 2773 00:55:08.790 --> 00:55:08.800 Bernie Sanders, Jane Fonda, Joan Bayz. 2774 00:55:08.800 --> 00:55:10.870 Bernie Sanders, Jane Fonda, Joan Bayz. It was like getting a little lefty for 2775 00:55:10.870 --> 00:55:10.880 It was like getting a little lefty for 2776 00:55:10.880 --> 00:55:13.349 It was like getting a little lefty for me. like 2777 00:55:13.349 --> 00:55:13.359 me. like 2778 00:55:13.359 --> 00:55:15.349 me. like like are we really gonna relive the 60s 2779 00:55:15.349 --> 00:55:15.359 like are we really gonna relive the 60s 2780 00:55:15.359 --> 00:55:17.750 like are we really gonna relive the 60s like Joan Bayz, Jane Fonda? I don't 2781 00:55:17.750 --> 00:55:17.760 like Joan Bayz, Jane Fonda? I don't 2782 00:55:17.760 --> 00:55:21.109 like Joan Bayz, Jane Fonda? I don't know. Um so I want them to to be this is 2783 00:55:21.109 --> 00:55:21.119 know. Um so I want them to to be this is 2784 00:55:21.119 --> 00:55:25.990 know. Um so I want them to to be this is a movement for all of us and not just 2785 00:55:25.990 --> 00:55:26.000 a movement for all of us and not just 2786 00:55:26.000 --> 00:55:29.670 a movement for all of us and not just sort of the boomer NPR listeners and so 2787 00:55:29.670 --> 00:55:29.680 sort of the boomer NPR listeners and so 2788 00:55:29.680 --> 00:55:31.670 sort of the boomer NPR listeners and so I worry a little about that. But in 2789 00:55:31.670 --> 00:55:31.680 I worry a little about that. But in 2790 00:55:31.680 --> 00:55:35.190 I worry a little about that. But in general uh I feel I I've been very 2791 00:55:35.190 --> 00:55:35.200 general uh I feel I I've been very 2792 00:55:35.200 --> 00:55:37.670 general uh I feel I I've been very impressed and admiring coming to faith. 2793 00:55:37.670 --> 00:55:37.680 impressed and admiring coming to faith. 2794 00:55:37.680 --> 00:55:40.790 impressed and admiring coming to faith. I came to faith in 2013. 2795 00:55:40.790 --> 00:55:40.800 I came to faith in 2013. 2796 00:55:40.800 --> 00:55:42.870 I came to faith in 2013. It's a bit like investing in the stock 2797 00:55:42.870 --> 00:55:42.880 It's a bit like investing in the stock 2798 00:55:42.880 --> 00:55:45.109 It's a bit like investing in the stock market in 1929. It was not the best 2799 00:55:45.109 --> 00:55:45.119 market in 1929. It was not the best 2800 00:55:45.119 --> 00:55:46.950 market in 1929. It was not the best timing, 2801 00:55:46.950 --> 00:55:46.960 timing, 2802 00:55:46.960 --> 00:55:48.470 timing, but just one of the, you know, an 2803 00:55:48.470 --> 00:55:48.480 but just one of the, you know, an 2804 00:55:48.480 --> 00:55:50.470 but just one of the, you know, an exemplar. I I I taught a course here. I 2805 00:55:50.470 --> 00:55:50.480 exemplar. I I I taught a course here. I 2806 00:55:50.480 --> 00:55:52.789 exemplar. I I I taught a course here. I used to teach Dorothy Day. 2807 00:55:52.789 --> 00:55:52.799 used to teach Dorothy Day. 2808 00:55:52.799 --> 00:55:55.430 used to teach Dorothy Day. And Dorothy Day was a was a young woman 2809 00:55:55.430 --> 00:55:55.440 And Dorothy Day was a was a young woman 2810 00:55:55.440 --> 00:55:57.430 And Dorothy Day was a was a young woman who um 2811 00:55:57.430 --> 00:55:57.440 who um 2812 00:55:57.440 --> 00:55:59.589 who um uh she read books and she enacted the 2813 00:55:59.589 --> 00:55:59.599 uh she read books and she enacted the 2814 00:55:59.599 --> 00:56:01.670 uh she read books and she enacted the books she was reading. And 2815 00:56:01.670 --> 00:56:01.680 books she was reading. And 2816 00:56:01.680 --> 00:56:04.549 books she was reading. And unfortunately, she read a lot of dstifi. 2817 00:56:04.549 --> 00:56:04.559 unfortunately, she read a lot of dstifi. 2818 00:56:04.559 --> 00:56:06.150 unfortunately, she read a lot of dstifi. And so she did a lot of drinking and 2819 00:56:06.150 --> 00:56:06.160 And so she did a lot of drinking and 2820 00:56:06.160 --> 00:56:08.950 And so she did a lot of drinking and carousing and whoring around. It was not 2821 00:56:08.950 --> 00:56:08.960 carousing and whoring around. It was not 2822 00:56:08.960 --> 00:56:13.109 carousing and whoring around. It was not good. Suicide attempts. Um but then when 2823 00:56:13.109 --> 00:56:13.119 good. Suicide attempts. Um but then when 2824 00:56:13.119 --> 00:56:16.069 good. Suicide attempts. Um but then when she had her first child, 2825 00:56:16.069 --> 00:56:16.079 she had her first child, 2826 00:56:16.079 --> 00:56:17.829 she had her first child, she I'm going to mangle the quote. She 2827 00:56:17.829 --> 00:56:17.839 she I'm going to mangle the quote. She 2828 00:56:17.839 --> 00:56:19.270 she I'm going to mangle the quote. She wrote an essay what it was like to have 2829 00:56:19.270 --> 00:56:19.280 wrote an essay what it was like to have 2830 00:56:19.280 --> 00:56:21.349 wrote an essay what it was like to have your to deliver birth because all the 2831 00:56:21.349 --> 00:56:21.359 your to deliver birth because all the 2832 00:56:21.359 --> 00:56:22.549 your to deliver birth because all the other essays she'd written about 2833 00:56:22.549 --> 00:56:22.559 other essays she'd written about 2834 00:56:22.559 --> 00:56:25.910 other essays she'd written about delivering were written by guys. And so 2835 00:56:25.910 --> 00:56:25.920 delivering were written by guys. And so 2836 00:56:25.920 --> 00:56:27.349 delivering were written by guys. And so she wrote at the end of that essay she 2837 00:56:27.349 --> 00:56:27.359 she wrote at the end of that essay she 2838 00:56:27.359 --> 00:56:29.430 she wrote at the end of that essay she described all the pain. But then she 2839 00:56:29.430 --> 00:56:29.440 described all the pain. But then she 2840 00:56:29.440 --> 00:56:31.670 described all the pain. But then she wrote um if I had composed the greatest 2841 00:56:31.670 --> 00:56:31.680 wrote um if I had composed the greatest 2842 00:56:31.680 --> 00:56:33.430 wrote um if I had composed the greatest symphony, sculpted the greatest 2843 00:56:33.430 --> 00:56:33.440 symphony, sculpted the greatest 2844 00:56:33.440 --> 00:56:35.190 symphony, sculpted the greatest sculpture, or written the greatest 2845 00:56:35.190 --> 00:56:35.200 sculpture, or written the greatest 2846 00:56:35.200 --> 00:56:36.630 sculpture, or written the greatest novel, I could not have felt the more 2847 00:56:36.630 --> 00:56:36.640 novel, I could not have felt the more 2848 00:56:36.640 --> 00:56:38.230 novel, I could not have felt the more exalted creator than I did when they 2849 00:56:38.230 --> 00:56:38.240 exalted creator than I did when they 2850 00:56:38.240 --> 00:56:40.950 exalted creator than I did when they placed my child in my arms. And with 2851 00:56:40.950 --> 00:56:40.960 placed my child in my arms. And with 2852 00:56:40.960 --> 00:56:42.470 placed my child in my arms. And with that came a need to worship and to 2853 00:56:42.470 --> 00:56:42.480 that came a need to worship and to 2854 00:56:42.480 --> 00:56:45.750 that came a need to worship and to adore. And her heart was broken open and 2855 00:56:45.750 --> 00:56:45.760 adore. And her heart was broken open and 2856 00:56:45.760 --> 00:56:47.190 adore. And her heart was broken open and she needed to worship somebody. She 2857 00:56:47.190 --> 00:56:47.200 she needed to worship somebody. She 2858 00:56:47.200 --> 00:56:49.109 she needed to worship somebody. She decided would be God. And she decided it 2859 00:56:49.109 --> 00:56:49.119 decided would be God. And she decided it 2860 00:56:49.119 --> 00:56:50.309 decided would be God. And she decided it would be the Catholic version because 2861 00:56:50.309 --> 00:56:50.319 would be the Catholic version because 2862 00:56:50.319 --> 00:56:52.390 would be the Catholic version because that's where the people were. And she 2863 00:56:52.390 --> 00:56:52.400 that's where the people were. And she 2864 00:56:52.400 --> 00:56:55.670 that's where the people were. And she spent her life um not only serving the 2865 00:56:55.670 --> 00:56:55.680 spent her life um not only serving the 2866 00:56:55.680 --> 00:56:58.309 spent her life um not only serving the poor but living with the poor. life of 2867 00:56:58.309 --> 00:56:58.319 poor but living with the poor. life of 2868 00:56:58.319 --> 00:57:01.270 poor but living with the poor. life of radical altruistic service and I 2869 00:57:01.270 --> 00:57:01.280 radical altruistic service and I 2870 00:57:01.280 --> 00:57:03.430 radical altruistic service and I assigned her book the long loneliness 2871 00:57:03.430 --> 00:57:03.440 assigned her book the long loneliness 2872 00:57:03.440 --> 00:57:05.030 assigned her book the long loneliness which she wrote when she was like 35 or 2873 00:57:05.030 --> 00:57:05.040 which she wrote when she was like 35 or 2874 00:57:05.040 --> 00:57:08.390 which she wrote when she was like 35 or 40 in one class with 24 students here 2875 00:57:08.390 --> 00:57:08.400 40 in one class with 24 students here 2876 00:57:08.400 --> 00:57:10.309 40 in one class with 24 students here and the final assignment was of all the 2877 00:57:10.309 --> 00:57:10.319 and the final assignment was of all the 2878 00:57:10.319 --> 00:57:12.630 and the final assignment was of all the books we read in the class pick one and 2879 00:57:12.630 --> 00:57:12.640 books we read in the class pick one and 2880 00:57:12.640 --> 00:57:14.870 books we read in the class pick one and apply it to a problem in your own life 2881 00:57:14.870 --> 00:57:14.880 apply it to a problem in your own life 2882 00:57:14.880 --> 00:57:17.670 apply it to a problem in your own life and 19% 19 of the 24 students picked the 2883 00:57:17.670 --> 00:57:17.680 and 19% 19 of the 24 students picked the 2884 00:57:17.680 --> 00:57:20.470 and 19% 19 of the 24 students picked the long loneliness and the best essays were 2885 00:57:20.470 --> 00:57:20.480 long loneliness and the best essays were 2886 00:57:20.480 --> 00:57:22.710 long loneliness and the best essays were written by atheists and orthodox Jews 2887 00:57:22.710 --> 00:57:22.720 written by atheists and orthodox Jews 2888 00:57:22.720 --> 00:57:25.510 written by atheists and orthodox Jews about Dorothy Day but they they were 2889 00:57:25.510 --> 00:57:25.520 about Dorothy Day but they they were 2890 00:57:25.520 --> 00:57:28.309 about Dorothy Day but they they were inspired by her And my final Dorothy Day 2891 00:57:28.309 --> 00:57:28.319 inspired by her And my final Dorothy Day 2892 00:57:28.319 --> 00:57:29.589 inspired by her And my final Dorothy Day story is she was asked at the end of her 2893 00:57:29.589 --> 00:57:29.599 story is she was asked at the end of her 2894 00:57:29.599 --> 00:57:32.069 story is she was asked at the end of her life by Robert Kohl's. Do you think you 2895 00:57:32.069 --> 00:57:32.079 life by Robert Kohl's. Do you think you 2896 00:57:32.079 --> 00:57:33.750 life by Robert Kohl's. Do you think you wrote that memoir at 35, now you're 80, 2897 00:57:33.750 --> 00:57:33.760 wrote that memoir at 35, now you're 80, 2898 00:57:33.760 --> 00:57:36.150 wrote that memoir at 35, now you're 80, do you think about writing another? And 2899 00:57:36.150 --> 00:57:36.160 do you think about writing another? And 2900 00:57:36.160 --> 00:57:37.750 do you think about writing another? And she said,"Well, you know, I tried that 2901 00:57:37.750 --> 00:57:37.760 she said,"Well, you know, I tried that 2902 00:57:37.760 --> 00:57:40.549 she said,"Well, you know, I tried that once. I sat down with a legal pad and I 2903 00:57:40.549 --> 00:57:40.559 once. I sat down with a legal pad and I 2904 00:57:40.559 --> 00:57:42.309 once. I sat down with a legal pad and I wrote on the top, a life remembered by 2905 00:57:42.309 --> 00:57:42.319 wrote on the top, a life remembered by 2906 00:57:42.319 --> 00:57:45.990 wrote on the top, a life remembered by Dorothy Day and I sat there and I 2907 00:57:45.990 --> 00:57:46.000 Dorothy Day and I sat there and I 2908 00:57:46.000 --> 00:57:48.630 Dorothy Day and I sat there and I thought of the Lord and is his visit to 2909 00:57:48.630 --> 00:57:48.640 thought of the Lord and is his visit to 2910 00:57:48.640 --> 00:57:51.510 thought of the Lord and is his visit to us those many centuries ago and I was 2911 00:57:51.510 --> 00:57:51.520 us those many centuries ago and I was 2912 00:57:51.520 --> 00:57:53.349 us those many centuries ago and I was just grateful to have had him on my mind 2913 00:57:53.349 --> 00:57:53.359 just grateful to have had him on my mind 2914 00:57:53.359 --> 00:57:55.750 just grateful to have had him on my mind all that time." and she realized I don't 2915 00:57:55.750 --> 00:57:55.760 all that time." and she realized I don't 2916 00:57:55.760 --> 00:57:57.990 all that time." and she realized I don't need to write anything. And that level 2917 00:57:57.990 --> 00:57:58.000 need to write anything. And that level 2918 00:57:58.000 --> 00:58:00.710 need to write anything. And that level of serenity is something I just find so 2919 00:58:00.710 --> 00:58:00.720 of serenity is something I just find so 2920 00:58:00.720 --> 00:58:03.750 of serenity is something I just find so admirable and beautiful. So she's an 2921 00:58:03.750 --> 00:58:03.760 admirable and beautiful. So she's an 2922 00:58:03.760 --> 00:58:05.750 admirable and beautiful. So she's an example of you can earnestly, whatever 2923 00:58:05.750 --> 00:58:05.760 example of you can earnestly, whatever 2924 00:58:05.760 --> 00:58:06.950 example of you can earnestly, whatever your faith or non-faith, you can 2925 00:58:06.950 --> 00:58:06.960 your faith or non-faith, you can 2926 00:58:06.960 --> 00:58:08.549 your faith or non-faith, you can earnestly admire the way she lived her 2927 00:58:08.549 --> 00:58:08.559 earnestly admire the way she lived her 2928 00:58:08.559 --> 00:58:10.549 earnestly admire the way she lived her life. And that's the kind of thing that 2929 00:58:10.549 --> 00:58:10.559 life. And that's the kind of thing that 2930 00:58:10.559 --> 00:58:12.390 life. And that's the kind of thing that breaks through the cynicism, the 2931 00:58:12.390 --> 00:58:12.400 breaks through the cynicism, the 2932 00:58:12.400 --> 00:58:14.710 breaks through the cynicism, the nihilism, the resentment. Maybe if we 2933 00:58:14.710 --> 00:58:14.720 nihilism, the resentment. Maybe if we 2934 00:58:14.720 --> 00:58:17.910 nihilism, the resentment. Maybe if we have time for one more of which maybe 2935 00:58:17.910 --> 00:58:17.920 have time for one more of which maybe 2936 00:58:17.920 --> 00:58:20.950 have time for one more of which maybe right here. 2937 00:58:20.950 --> 00:58:20.960 right here. 2938 00:58:20.960 --> 00:58:23.190 right here. So, why haven't we elected a woman to be 2939 00:58:23.190 --> 00:58:23.200 So, why haven't we elected a woman to be 2940 00:58:23.200 --> 00:58:25.430 So, why haven't we elected a woman to be president yet? 2941 00:58:25.430 --> 00:58:25.440 president yet? 2942 00:58:25.440 --> 00:58:27.109 president yet? >> Is it too early? 2943 00:58:27.109 --> 00:58:27.119 >> Is it too early? 2944 00:58:27.119 --> 00:58:29.270 >> Is it too early? >> No, it's way overdue. Why Why haven't we 2945 00:58:29.270 --> 00:58:29.280 >> No, it's way overdue. Why Why haven't we 2946 00:58:29.280 --> 00:58:31.030 >> No, it's way overdue. Why Why haven't we elected a woman president yet? 2947 00:58:31.030 --> 00:58:31.040 elected a woman president yet? 2948 00:58:31.040 --> 00:58:34.309 elected a woman president yet? >> Um, I I think the Democrats are saying 2949 00:58:34.309 --> 00:58:34.319 >> Um, I I think the Democrats are saying 2950 00:58:34.319 --> 00:58:35.670 >> Um, I I think the Democrats are saying that they should they got to elect a 2951 00:58:35.670 --> 00:58:35.680 that they should they got to elect a 2952 00:58:35.680 --> 00:58:38.549 that they should they got to elect a white nominate a white guy this time. I 2953 00:58:38.549 --> 00:58:38.559 white nominate a white guy this time. I 2954 00:58:38.559 --> 00:58:41.510 white nominate a white guy this time. I think that's bad thinking. Uh, I think 2955 00:58:41.510 --> 00:58:41.520 think that's bad thinking. Uh, I think 2956 00:58:41.520 --> 00:58:43.430 think that's bad thinking. Uh, I think the two women who were nominated by 2957 00:58:43.430 --> 00:58:43.440 the two women who were nominated by 2958 00:58:43.440 --> 00:58:45.349 the two women who were nominated by Democratic party had flaws in their 2959 00:58:45.349 --> 00:58:45.359 Democratic party had flaws in their 2960 00:58:45.359 --> 00:58:50.789 Democratic party had flaws in their campaigns. Uh uh Hillary Clinton won 2961 00:58:50.789 --> 00:58:50.799 campaigns. Uh uh Hillary Clinton won 2962 00:58:50.799 --> 00:58:53.030 campaigns. Uh uh Hillary Clinton won more voters of color than Kla Harris 2963 00:58:53.030 --> 00:58:53.040 more voters of color than Kla Harris 2964 00:58:53.040 --> 00:58:56.230 more voters of color than Kla Harris did. Kla Harris won more men than 2965 00:58:56.230 --> 00:58:56.240 did. Kla Harris won more men than 2966 00:58:56.240 --> 00:58:58.470 did. Kla Harris won more men than Hillary Clinton did. If the problem here 2967 00:58:58.470 --> 00:58:58.480 Hillary Clinton did. If the problem here 2968 00:58:58.480 --> 00:59:00.230 Hillary Clinton did. If the problem here is racism and sexism, it's not clear to 2969 00:59:00.230 --> 00:59:00.240 is racism and sexism, it's not clear to 2970 00:59:00.240 --> 00:59:02.630 is racism and sexism, it's not clear to me that that's the problem. I think both 2971 00:59:02.630 --> 00:59:02.640 me that that's the problem. I think both 2972 00:59:02.640 --> 00:59:04.950 me that that's the problem. I think both those candidates were flawed. Clinton at 2973 00:59:04.950 --> 00:59:04.960 those candidates were flawed. Clinton at 2974 00:59:04.960 --> 00:59:06.950 those candidates were flawed. Clinton at a moment of populist uprising was seen 2975 00:59:06.950 --> 00:59:06.960 a moment of populist uprising was seen 2976 00:59:06.960 --> 00:59:09.270 a moment of populist uprising was seen as the epitome of the establishment. Kla 2977 00:59:09.270 --> 00:59:09.280 as the epitome of the establishment. Kla 2978 00:59:09.280 --> 00:59:12.069 as the epitome of the establishment. Kla Harris had 100 days to run her campaign 2979 00:59:12.069 --> 00:59:12.079 Harris had 100 days to run her campaign 2980 00:59:12.079 --> 00:59:14.470 Harris had 100 days to run her campaign ahead of a deeply unpopular party after 2981 00:59:14.470 --> 00:59:14.480 ahead of a deeply unpopular party after 2982 00:59:14.480 --> 00:59:18.069 ahead of a deeply unpopular party after a candidate was shown to be not ready to 2983 00:59:18.069 --> 00:59:18.079 a candidate was shown to be not ready to 2984 00:59:18.079 --> 00:59:21.670 a candidate was shown to be not ready to run again. And so I do not think, you 2985 00:59:21.670 --> 00:59:21.680 run again. And so I do not think, you 2986 00:59:21.680 --> 00:59:24.470 run again. And so I do not think, you know, I I do not think that a country 2987 00:59:24.470 --> 00:59:24.480 know, I I do not think that a country 2988 00:59:24.480 --> 00:59:27.270 know, I I do not think that a country that elected Barack Obama that lavishly 2989 00:59:27.270 --> 00:59:27.280 that elected Barack Obama that lavishly 2990 00:59:27.280 --> 00:59:29.910 that elected Barack Obama that lavishly admires Michelle Obama is unready to 2991 00:59:29.910 --> 00:59:29.920 admires Michelle Obama is unready to 2992 00:59:29.920 --> 00:59:32.309 admires Michelle Obama is unready to elect the right female candidate who 2993 00:59:32.309 --> 00:59:32.319 elect the right female candidate who 2994 00:59:32.319 --> 00:59:34.549 elect the right female candidate who comes along. And so I I think one of the 2995 00:59:34.549 --> 00:59:34.559 comes along. And so I I think one of the 2996 00:59:34.559 --> 00:59:37.030 comes along. And so I I think one of the flaws of the Democratic party is they 2997 00:59:37.030 --> 00:59:37.040 flaws of the Democratic party is they 2998 00:59:37.040 --> 00:59:38.630 flaws of the Democratic party is they pay too much attention to demographics 2999 00:59:38.630 --> 00:59:38.640 pay too much attention to demographics 3000 00:59:38.640 --> 00:59:41.829 pay too much attention to demographics and not enough to positions. 3001 00:59:41.829 --> 00:59:41.839 and not enough to positions. 3002 00:59:41.839 --> 00:59:44.309 and not enough to positions. And if your party is way to the left of 3003 00:59:44.309 --> 00:59:44.319 And if your party is way to the left of 3004 00:59:44.319 --> 00:59:46.309 And if your party is way to the left of the American median on immigration, on 3005 00:59:46.309 --> 00:59:46.319 the American median on immigration, on 3006 00:59:46.319 --> 00:59:48.390 the American median on immigration, on cultural values, doesn't matter who you 3007 00:59:48.390 --> 00:59:48.400 cultural values, doesn't matter who you 3008 00:59:48.400 --> 00:59:49.910 cultural values, doesn't matter who you are, it's going to be hard to get 3009 00:59:49.910 --> 00:59:49.920 are, it's going to be hard to get 3010 00:59:49.920 --> 00:59:52.230 are, it's going to be hard to get elected. And for people rooting for 3011 00:59:52.230 --> 00:59:52.240 elected. And for people rooting for 3012 00:59:52.240 --> 00:59:54.630 elected. And for people rooting for Democrats, the numbers are just terrible 3013 00:59:54.630 --> 00:59:54.640 Democrats, the numbers are just terrible 3014 00:59:54.640 --> 00:59:56.630 Democrats, the numbers are just terrible right now. 3015 00:59:56.630 --> 00:59:56.640 right now. 3016 00:59:56.640 --> 00:59:58.789 right now. Trump is very, very, very, very, very 3017 00:59:58.789 --> 00:59:58.799 Trump is very, very, very, very, very 3018 00:59:58.799 --> 01:00:00.470 Trump is very, very, very, very, very unpopular. 3019 01:00:00.470 --> 01:00:00.480 unpopular. 3020 01:00:00.480 --> 01:00:03.349 unpopular. except next to the Democrats. 3021 01:00:03.349 --> 01:00:03.359 except next to the Democrats. 3022 01:00:03.359 --> 01:00:05.589 except next to the Democrats. And so this is a party that still has 3023 01:00:05.589 --> 01:00:05.599 And so this is a party that still has 3024 01:00:05.599 --> 01:00:08.789 And so this is a party that still has some work to do in my view to turn the 3025 01:00:08.789 --> 01:00:08.799 some work to do in my view to turn the 3026 01:00:08.799 --> 01:00:11.190 some work to do in my view to turn the page. And I don't blame, you know, Chuck 3027 01:00:11.190 --> 01:00:11.200 page. And I don't blame, you know, Chuck 3028 01:00:11.200 --> 01:00:13.829 page. And I don't blame, you know, Chuck Schumer is not going to save us. 3029 01:00:13.829 --> 01:00:13.839 Schumer is not going to save us. 3030 01:00:13.839 --> 01:00:16.470 Schumer is not going to save us. I don't blame Chuck Schumer. That's not 3031 01:00:16.470 --> 01:00:16.480 I don't blame Chuck Schumer. That's not 3032 01:00:16.480 --> 01:00:19.270 I don't blame Chuck Schumer. That's not his job. When I'm what I'm emphasizing 3033 01:00:19.270 --> 01:00:19.280 his job. When I'm what I'm emphasizing 3034 01:00:19.280 --> 01:00:22.069 his job. When I'm what I'm emphasizing here is we need a cultural shift. And 3035 01:00:22.069 --> 01:00:22.079 here is we need a cultural shift. And 3036 01:00:22.079 --> 01:00:24.470 here is we need a cultural shift. And the cultural shift happens among the 3037 01:00:24.470 --> 01:00:24.480 the cultural shift happens among the 3038 01:00:24.480 --> 01:00:26.150 the cultural shift happens among the artists, among the writers, among the 3039 01:00:26.150 --> 01:00:26.160 artists, among the writers, among the 3040 01:00:26.160 --> 01:00:27.990 artists, among the writers, among the intellectuals, among people who run 3041 01:00:27.990 --> 01:00:28.000 intellectuals, among people who run 3042 01:00:28.000 --> 01:00:31.990 intellectuals, among people who run museums, among all of us. Politicians 3043 01:00:31.990 --> 01:00:32.000 museums, among all of us. Politicians 3044 01:00:32.000 --> 01:00:33.589 museums, among all of us. Politicians are busy fundraising. They're busy about 3045 01:00:33.589 --> 01:00:33.599 are busy fundraising. They're busy about 3046 01:00:33.599 --> 01:00:35.430 are busy fundraising. They're busy about the the next election, the next news 3047 01:00:35.430 --> 01:00:35.440 the the next election, the next news 3048 01:00:35.440 --> 01:00:37.589 the the next election, the next news cycle. They are not going to lead an 3049 01:00:37.589 --> 01:00:37.599 cycle. They are not going to lead an 3050 01:00:37.599 --> 01:00:40.870 cycle. They are not going to lead an intellectual shift. And so when you look 3051 01:00:40.870 --> 01:00:40.880 intellectual shift. And so when you look 3052 01:00:40.880 --> 01:00:43.430 intellectual shift. And so when you look at big historical change, you get a 3053 01:00:43.430 --> 01:00:43.440 at big historical change, you get a 3054 01:00:43.440 --> 01:00:45.829 at big historical change, you get a cultural shift, you get a civic shift, 3055 01:00:45.829 --> 01:00:45.839 cultural shift, you get a civic shift, 3056 01:00:45.839 --> 01:00:48.630 cultural shift, you get a civic shift, and then politics follows on. Donald 3057 01:00:48.630 --> 01:00:48.640 and then politics follows on. Donald 3058 01:00:48.640 --> 01:00:49.990 and then politics follows on. Donald Trump could not have gotten elected in 3059 01:00:49.990 --> 01:00:50.000 Trump could not have gotten elected in 3060 01:00:50.000 --> 01:00:51.510 Trump could not have gotten elected in 1996. 3061 01:00:51.510 --> 01:00:51.520 1996. 3062 01:00:51.520 --> 01:00:53.349 1996. because the country was not in a 3063 01:00:53.349 --> 01:00:53.359 because the country was not in a 3064 01:00:53.359 --> 01:00:56.470 because the country was not in a resentful mood in 1996. 3065 01:00:56.470 --> 01:00:56.480 resentful mood in 1996. 3066 01:00:56.480 --> 01:01:00.549 resentful mood in 1996. 2016 he fit right in. And so you got to 3067 01:01:00.549 --> 01:01:00.559 2016 he fit right in. And so you got to 3068 01:01:00.559 --> 01:01:02.150 2016 he fit right in. And so you got to wait for your cultural moment and the 3069 01:01:02.150 --> 01:01:02.160 wait for your cultural moment and the 3070 01:01:02.160 --> 01:01:03.910 wait for your cultural moment and the culture has to shift before the 3071 01:01:03.910 --> 01:01:03.920 culture has to shift before the 3072 01:01:03.920 --> 01:01:05.829 culture has to shift before the politicians can produce that kind of 3073 01:01:05.829 --> 01:01:05.839 politicians can produce that kind of 3074 01:01:05.839 --> 01:01:08.390 politicians can produce that kind of shift. Well, thank you so much for all 3075 01:01:08.390 --> 01:01:08.400 shift. Well, thank you so much for all